By Clayton James Conway
Editor: Draft Nov 5th 2020Preface: If your need for certainty as supplied by social conformities of the herd is too great and or challenging authority is outside your purview, then immediately put this book down. Only the brave and adventurous that are constitutionally able to radically change one's worldview and consciousness should attempt to read this book.
Dedication:
I
dedicate this book to Immanuel Velikovsky, a man of uncommon valor.
While the armies of established mediocrity and petty forces won their
battles by dishonorable actions, he stood his ground against the most
outrageous abuse and misfortune and never lost his firm and unyielding
conviction that the light of truth upheld by the honorable would win the
day. Vindication is total. No battle was ever fought harder by so few,
that had greater consequences for mankind, than this unremarked upon
first battles. The weapons used against mankind were induced by his
traumatized mind and shrouded in veils of scholarship as a fortification
against enlightenment. The single weapon that prevailed was simply the
honesty of just men. These mostly unknown and unacknowledged individuals
prevailed against the force of the whole world because they did not
value the good opinion of others, which is the coin of comfort and ease
in the world, but loved truth even above their own lives.
Special
thanks to my most beloved Christi Lynn Trapp for all her work and
personal & loving help that made it possible for me to make this
book available. Her steadfast support was simply indispensable. Also,
thanks to Angel for reading the manuscript and helpful comments. Also,
thanks to the old Kronia group and Thunderbolts Project for the
exceptional individuals that gave positive support. Amy and Mel Acheson
gave of themselves selflessly and Ian Tresman's catastrophism CD was
vastly helpful in tying multiple threads together:
<http://www.catastrophism.com
The Poem of Erra
I ROSE FROM MY SEAT, AND THE GOVERNMENT OF HEAVEN AND EARTH DISSOLVED.
AND THE SKY, LO!, IT SHOOK: THE STATIONS OF THE STARS IN THE SKY WERE
ALTERED, AND I DID NOT BRING (THEM) BACK TO THEIR (FORMER) POSITIONS.
Erra the god of confusion on tablet pointing to an event (2255 BCE) in the reign of Naram-Sin grandson of Sargon I
Nearing
noon on a midsummer day, when I was 15 years old (1973 August 31st), I
saw a small but tremendously brilliant day star near the Moon crest. As I
was looking at its amazingly brilliant shafts of light, extending
beyond any star I had ever beheld, I wondered what this most unusual
star could be. Not expecting an answer, I nevertheless heard a voice of
clarity from the star that said:
"I am the Star of David, the Star of Bethlehem"
Contents:
Introduction
Tradition & Myth: Racial memories
Polar Configuration: Planetary solar system formation
The Grid of Tradition: Cycles of cosmic close Earth encounters
Dendrochronology: Hard evidence of cyclical worldwide events
Archaeological & Geological Strata
Geological Epochs: Cycles, depth, and heat
Year & Moon Counts: Universa Terra
Astronomical Dating: Moon phase syncs
Chronology Syncs: Traditional dates and logical outcomes
Human Psychology: The herd
Implications & Conclusions
Subject Index
INDEX: 1 SOLUTIONS TO CHRONOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
2 TIMELINE
3 HISTORIC CHRONOLOGIES BASED ON CYCLES T & Y
4 TRADITIONAL KING LISTS OF EGYPT, BABYLON, & ASSYRIA
5 EARTH AXIS TILT JOLTS
6 KEPLER'S THIRD LAW PLUS THE POLAR CONFIGURATION
7 SOME ORBITALS IN CHRONICLES
8 NEW FRAME LOGIC
9 DRAGON LORE
Introduction
The
purpose of this book is to challenge uniformitarian assumptions. The
present worldview of gradualism and materialism does not agree with
mankind's oldest oral traditions. Gradualism is the cyclic changes to
Earths topography by weather along with other processes such as sudden
seismic shifts, volcanism, floods, and minuscule orbital parameter
changes within geological time frames in the millions of years. If much
more significant forces of change were at play that also traumatized
mankind, those effects will be purposefully looked for in predictable
signposts that would exist. The major assumptions that this book will
focus on is Earth's past orbital periods and axis tilts in both mythic
and historic periods.
One other basic challenge that will be
mounted is a comparison of purely traditional based historic
chronologies of the ancients against modern reconstructions based on
astronomical retro-calculations. Traditional history was painstakingly
built. Since men do not willingly die for what they know is false and
unenduring, the popular idea of history being made up is itself a
fiction. The extremist school of uniformitarian literalism is used by
scientism to explain away mankind's traditions of planetary lightning
bolts (thunderbolts), planet wide hurricanes, fires from heaven, and
floods of worldwide scale as only lightning, hurricanes, fires, and
floods that we experience today from regular weather cycles and
patterns. Moreover, the error of our modern era in "correcting" records
and documents to fit the newest fashions of science understandings of
how the universe works makes such renderings impotent if those fashions
be wrong. The correction of isolated and predictable mistakes is one
thing. However, the correctors hand has left nothing untouched. Changes
have been driven by motives and agendas of their own design having moved
too quickly against the grain and gain of knowledge.
During the
20th century there was a movement in society and science to disentangle
previous scholarly views dominated by traditional church beliefs and
teachings from the new rationalism. Whole careers were made and spent in
avowing previous traditional views as mere fantasy. While this reaction
in science was predictable for its time, it does not account for the
ongoing and continuing campaigns to dominate public opinion today into
disbelieving mankind's oldest traditions. Extreme views towards the
validity of ancient historic documents such as the Bible can only be
viewed as accepted anti-intellectualism and other forms of
irrationalism. Fortunately, history is an independent pillar of
evidence and not subject to consensus conformity and beliefs so the
validity of ancient testimony cannot be dismissed so easily.
The
recordings of historic events by people are sure to be colored by social
agendas and cultural bias in what was deemed important information
worthy of inclusion. The poison of doubt in social honesty in reporting
basic contemporary verifiable events cannot be tolerated. To do so is to
deny past, present, and even future records of their power making
recorded observation impotent as evidence with an ability to confirm.
Cultural records are sacrosanct and must be free to give their testimony
without shackles others would impose. Commentaries are helpful and
rebuttals welcome, but such analysis can never take the records place in
the context of its culture. Cultural records stand forever in the
public trust for future generations that may find better understandings
for their statements. The destruction or the permanent changing of the
meaning of cultural records to fit present consensus understandings is a
crime no less than cultural genocide.
If science as the ideal
of rational methodology exhibits irrational and exclusionary behavior by
its organs towards inquiry, then such social behavior is exhibit number
one as classic psychological denial. Mankind's traditions are the only
basis to start from in indicating catastrophic worldwide events. If
traditional chronology succeeds in constructing an internally consistent
and valid synchronism to the time line outside of the astronomical
retro-calculation parameters of uniformitarianism, then many basic
underpinnings of present consensus science will be falsified. The result
of this kind of social falsification would likely have too great of an
impact to measure along with many social psychological ramifications.
Traditional
records and chronologies all over the world will be treated as overall
correct in this book. Catastrophes require a solid chronology of
occurrences to fret out the likeliest agents of events. Cyclic
catastrophic patterns found in both the records of man and nature will
be used to judge between traditional historic standalone chronologies
and today's conventional chronologies that were built upon a vast
mountain of assumptions in order to make astronomical retro-calculations
hold to a sense of reasonableness and mathematical validity. Either way
traditional chronology never becomes dependent on catastrophic
scenarios. Only the confirmation of a chronology ever becomes dependent
on measures outside its own domain. All BP dates in this book are 2001
CE except for citations that use standard AD 1950.
Tradition & Myth: Racial memories
Ancient witness History: Destruction by Wind, Fire, and Water
Myth: A Completely Different Cosmic Order
History
speaks with one voice. Civilizations perished by wind, fire, and water
with water being the most destructive to life. These events such as
typhoons, fires (from heaven), and floods were worldwide in scope and
occurred periodically with the last episodes during historical times.
The lack of diversity in mankind's DNA by itself points to man’s past
near extinctions. Vast volumes could and have been produced to prove
these events and only the ignorant claim contrary. However, layman may
not know of these facts because of the constant promotions of
conventional popular science writers, so I will bring in an authority no
less than Einstein. An English translation by Benny Peiser of the major
point in the July 8, 1946 letter Einstein wrote to Velikovsky after
reading the first part of _Worlds in Collision_:
"The
book contains much interesting material which proves that catastrophes
did indeed occur which have to be linked to extraterrestrial causes."[1]
Einstein, as most others, did not agree
with Velikovsky's agents for these events. However, that takes nothing
away from the fact that the history of man proves that multiple Earth
encounters by extraterrestrial agents occurred during historic times.
The One Story Told Around the World
Myth
had been given a bad name during the 20th century by the rose colored
glasses it was analyzed through, which made contradictions its only
consistent characteristic. Nothing made any sense. The Saturn PC (Polar
Configuration) overview of mythology as expressed by David Talbott (_The
Saturn Myth_, 1980), Ev Cochrane (_Martian Metamorphoses_, 1997),
Dwardu Cardona (_God Star_ 2006), and others (Rose, Tresman, Newgrosh,
etc...) overturns all such contradictions and transforms them into a
fully consistent and predictable picture. The ancients offer us a single
consistent story worldwide by symbolism. A summary of the main points
of the Saturn PC mythological story is presented in 5 sections below:
1. In the First Age the passage of time went unmeasured as no change in the heavens was observed. There was Saturn, the night sun, glowing purple with the intensity of today’s Moon unmoving directly over Earth's North Pole. There was no night, stars were not seen except for maybe a few of the brightest, and the Moon did not orbit the Earth.
2. All the planets were tethered together in a shish kabob, by a twisting serpentine column of light, the Axis Mundi, connecting the planets in a straight line, pole to pole, orbiting as a unit. From Earth’s view Mars was centered within flaring Venus which was centered within Saturn. The planets filled the horizon of Earth's sky.
3. The beginning of the Age of Time came into being after a rotating crescent about the night sun, Saturn, came into existence. The crescent was measured by the four directions into four quarters per full daily rotation.
4. After the crescent of the night sun Saturn established itself, Mars began to wander outside the center of Venus.
5.
The ancients foresaw the motions of Mars outside of Venus as a sign of
the coming end of the Polar Configuration. A chaos event ended the polar
configuration, which changed the planetary system to distant bodies as
the planets wandered off away from each other becoming the mere points
of light of today.
Amazingly, man left a
record of planetary events of our planetary system that occurred. Man
witnessed and recorded Mars losing its atmosphere, "all his hair has
fallen out" [2], becoming suddenly bald. After all the planets achieved
new much more distant Keplerian orbits about the sun, the inner planets
and satellites periodically experienced close near encounters from lost
satellites of the planets. The satellites Titan and Vulcan orbited the
sun like comets. The asteroid belt is from recent events, which material
came mostly from Mars. Asteroids are on average no more than 40,000
years old since the sun, Jupiter, and Saturn sweep the system clean
within that time frame on average. Saturn's rings are evidence of near
encounters that pulled mass from Saturn itself less than 50 thousand
years ago. Many extinction and near extinction events have occurred on
Earth. During the historic period (40,000 BP) Australian aboriginal oral
tradition of `rainbow snake and morning star' suggest "electrical
discharge between the Earth and some other cosmic body" [3]. Pliny the
Elder states that a thunderbolt destroyed the city of Volsinium [4].
Thunderbolts are lightning exchanges between planets. Planetary
interactions with significant extraterrestrial bodies would produce
year's long aftereffects that would be seen by everyone all around the
world. Dr. Anthony Peratt has shown that the petroglyphs and pictographs
found all over the world are evident of planetary plasma discharges
[5]. The plasma patterns created in the lab has only been known science
since the late 20th century. In 1893 BCE after Jacob had fled from his
brother awoke in the morning to find a Ladder of Heaven in the sky.
Planetary plasma discharges as drawn in the past were also called the
cosmic stairway, the spiral stairway to Heaven, Buddha's sky ladder,
etc.
Many respected scholars hold that mythic events of the destruction of the Polar Configuration to be within historic memory at about 10 to 40 thousand years ago. Some even hold that any worldwide catastrophes on Earth by extraterrestrial agents were from comets and many other insignificant sized bodies. Anyone that holds that a polar configuration to be impossible must only look upon galaxy arms to understand they are delayed polar configuration (PC) as curved swords and not straight like old Saturn's PC.
1 I. Velikovsky, _Before the Day Breaks_, 1976 http://www.varchive.org http://www.varchive.org/cor/einstein/460708ev.htm
2 Translation in C. Jung, _Symbols of Transformation_, (Princeton, 1976), page 210.
3 Wolfe Creek Crater, Louis A G Hissink MSc., 2002 Dec.; Kronia Vol. VII, No 3, 2003 April 30, West Australian Museum.
4 Pliny, Naturalis Historia, II, 53.
5 Anthony Peratt, "Characteristics for the Occurrence of a High- Current, Z-Pinch Aurora as Recorded in Antiquity", Vol. 31, No. 6, 2003 Dec. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Cosmology, page 1112-1117.
Polar Configuration: Planetary solar system formation
Most Saturnists have chosen a capture model for how Saturn, the night sun, came to be a part of the day sun's solar system. Saturn was the primary of Venus, Mars, and Earth in a polar configuration (PC). A PC is where the planets at different distances stay together pointed towards the poles of each other and orbit their primary as a unit together. Since galaxy arms are delayed PC, the function is confirmed. From the observational point of Earth in the Saturn PC, Mars, Venus, and Saturn were the most dominant objects of Earth's sky. The latter capture of Saturn by the sun's system into its orb has been posited as a cause of the PC breakup.
Reconstruction of the formative planetary solar system is necessary if the present one was not naturally formed. Saturn's capture and the end of the PC created a new planetary order solar system that follows patterns found on Earth by local gravity. The density order of the planets in the solar system is:
Sun 1
Mercury 3.85
Earth 3.91
Venus 3.53
Mars 2.77
Neptune 1.16
Uranus 0.95
Jupiter 0.95
Saturn 0.48
The
question now is what kind of universal pattern for both mass and
spacing occurs in nature that matches this kind of distribution. The
human body provides a framework for local gravity.
Planet Body
Saturn Head
Jupiter Torso
Uranus hip joint
Neptune mid-thigh
Mars knee cap
Venus upper calf
Earth mid-calf
Mercury ankle
Neptune
and Uranus were originally between the inner planets and Jupiter in
originally mass ratios of Earth 1/18 of Neptune, and Neptune 1/18 of
Jupiter.
Exoplanetary systems suggest different patterns. The sun planetary solar system order is abnormal, which suggests that in the past the planetary solar system was disrupted exactly as oral tradition tells us. The normative pattern as given by Kepler 90 is two nodes of 3 planets with mass ratios of Earth at center and two Venus' 15/18 on either side, which because the node does not exist today is labeled A, B, and C. The second node with Neptune between two Uranus' with the one closest to the sun as missing and labeled as D. Then two Jovian bodies: Jupiter in its present orderly position and another Jovian body with the same mass out further out labeled Jove II that left because of Saturn's disruption event of 60k ago. If this scenario is correct then, Saturn caused the loss of Jove II and planet D by the displacement of the outer and second nodes. If we suppose planet B exploded, it would be dated by Flandern’s new comet creation event of 3.2 million years ago.
Sun
A
B
C
D
Neptune
Uranus
Jupiter
Jovian II and then Saturn
Ancient knowledge of the planetary solar systems
Cylinder
Seal VA 243 has an unusual impression of the planetary solar system.
The maker of this cylinder was a supreme master. However, the obvious
central sun is not the symbol of the sun used by the culture in which
created the cylinder. Moreover, the diagram of the planets is so small
that it is like a framed complete painting on the wall of a doll house
or a framed painting inside a painting. The diagram clearly shows Uranus
and Neptune and two other unknown bodies besides the expected planets.
On the left side are 3 large spheres with the upper top left, slightly
smaller. as the unknown planet that some say is Nibiru with a retrograde
orbit of a sars or 3600 years. Going counterclockwise you get the order
of Nibiru, Jupiter, Saturn, another unknown but much smaller body
before Uranus and Neptune. The ancients knew of the difference in the
sizes of Jupiter and Saturn so giving them the same size suggests a dual
purpose for the diagram where they can switch positions. There are
multiple patterns to the system. I noticed that there are 3 lines of
four bodies on top, middle, and bottom, which made me realize that all 3
largest bodies on the left represent Saturn that change into other
bodies as needed. The top line of 4 bodies left to right is Saturn,
Venus, Mars, and Nibiru or Titan which are all water bodies. The Earth
is not given because the planet order is based on Earth's view of the
Polar Configuration. The middle line of 4 is Saturn the night sun, the
day sun, Earth, and Moon. None of the middle 4 bodies are planets as the
ancient considered them. The bottom 4 bodies are Saturn, Nibiru,
Uranus, and Neptune. This system is amazing because to view the sun's
original system you just take out the large left top body, Moon, and
Nibiru and you can clearly see going clockwise on top the first node of 3
smaller bodies, the second node of Neptune and Uranus with the Earth
being the same size as Uranus turning into a lost second Uranus body D.
This is exactly what the planet densities and exoplanet order of the
Kepler 90 system gives as normal. However, an orbit of 3600 years would
have an average mean distance of 234 AU from the sun, which is well
beyond the sun’s heliosphere (95 AU). Today such a distant body would be
observable to our instruments and it is not. Honored subjects like the
first Sumerian kings are given large numbers for their reigns by
multiplying them by 60 so the given orbit of Nibiru is not 3600 but 60
years. The ancient’s used a binary system as in 2 six month years in
annual calendars, which makes the orbit of 60 represent 2 orbits of 30
years. This matches the position of the smaller unknown body near
Saturn. Nibiru had multiple near encounters with the Earth on March 10th
and again on June 8th only 88 days apart in the days of Joshua. This
means Nibiru had a 88 degree wide cometary retrograde orbit,
traveled 272 degrees after this first near Earth encounter while going
towards closest approach to the sun around 34.6 million km and
re-encountered the Earth. Nibiru traveled the same distance as a quarter
of the Earth’s orbital circumference between first and second near
encounter at winter turned to summer solstice, had an average orbit
(181/6) just beyond Saturn that went more than 3 million km beyond the
average orbit of Uranus. Nibiru could not reach Neptune, which means
Triton could not have been this body. Titan is most likely was this
freely roaming lost satellite in the planetary solar system, which was
caught in its crib by Saturn’s gravity in the 17th century as Saturn's
disrupted satellite system suggests.
What
then does Planet X represent? For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction. It represents the perfect circle retrograde force of
Jupiter. This is required in order to balance the motions of all the
planets around the sun. At 5 billion km the retrograde force grows to
300 Earth masses matching Jupiter’s direct strength towards the sun at
750 million km. Jupiter’s direct force diminishes to 3 Earth masses at
the sun. At the average Jupiter distance of 778.6 million km from the
sun is 10.38 units where each unit equals 75 million km. At that
standard Mercury is at 3/4, Earth is at 2, and Mars at 3 while at a
standard unit measure of 500 million km for the retrograde counter force
of Jupiter where the outer planets at greatest distance from the sun
give ratios of Saturn 3, Uranus 6, and Neptune 9. The retrograde counter
reaction grows to around 2300 earth masses at the heliosphere mirroring
the strength of the Birkeland current in dark plasma mode by the hollow
sun at 3 earth masses at the sun's surface of liquid metal hydrogen as
it travels down at 20 km/s taking 22.1825 Earth years for it to travel
the length of the heliosphere exactly 18 times Jupiter’s average
distance from the sun (93.6 AU). Planet X of cylinder VA 243 with a 60
Earth year circular retrograde orbit at 90 Earth masses matches the
retrograde counter force of Jupiter making the ancient engraving a fully
functioning model. The counter outward force field is 6 2/3 units or
twice the spinning Jupiter gyro equal and opposite field unit length of 3
1/3 pulling and tugging as they switch back and forth to maintain the
direct force field to shrink to 1 unit. This explains a gyro's spinning
stability as it can never attain either field extreme position but
maintains a constant pull between both extremes. This is the cause of
the difference in a plasma drive and Birkeland current counter rotations
with current running in both directions.
There
are 3 body patterns in the cylinder seal (VA 243) with an enlightening
pattern of three lines of 4 bodies each. Top line is Planet X, Venus,
Mars, and Mercury. Middle line is Saturn the night sun, the day sun,
Earth, and Moon. Bottom line is Jupiter, Nibiru, Uranus, and Neptune.
The middle line is most important one because the ancients held the
Earth, Moon, sun, and night sun Saturn to be completely different kinds
of bodies unlike the other planets. Two unobservable bodies (X &
Nibiru) have sun star points intentionally pointed at them. Planet X’s
secondary purpose is to represent Saturn as an outside body incoming
with its satellites Venus, Mars, and Titan as viewed on Earth. Saturn's
interaction with Jove II 60k years ago expelled Jove II out of the sun
system while Saturn took its ending placement. The process continued as
Saturn later encountered Jupiter, but this event threw the Saturn system
directly towards the sun and while near planet D the sun energetically
pushed all the planets outwards. This threw Jupiter from 0.3 to 5.2 AU,
threw planet D completely out of the planetary solar system and the
second node beyond Jupiter's new position. Saturn eventually took the
position near the previous heliosphere, which went from 11 AU to 93.6
AU. The nature of the sun’s past planetary system is made clear in the
cylinder seal and made easier to see by taking out planet X, the Moon,
and Nibiru. That leaves on top planets A, B, and C. Going clockwise the
sphere Earth becomes planet D which matches the size of Uranus (15/18 of
Neptune), and next in order Neptune, Uranus, Jupiter, and Jove II.
Ancient knowledge about the Sirius system
In Temple’s book “The Sirius Mystery” of 1976 the Dogon knew that Sirius A had an unusual companion in Sirius B with an orbit of 50 years. They also claimed that a planet (C) further out than Sirius B had the same orbital period with a satellite that had intelligent life on it. Now the star Sirius A has a diameter of 1.71 of the sun so the calculate circumference is 7.26 million km with an equatorial rotational period of 42 days. If Sirius B with an average distance of 20 AU is the Jovian position, then Sirius C would be the last outer position at a Keplerian 57.7 D(istance) or 4.8 billion km (32 AU) and 437.5 P(eriod) or 50.4 Earth years.
The Grid of Tradition: Cycles of cosmic near Earth encounters
Immanuel Velikovsky's book "Worlds in Collision" (1950) states that major cosmic catastrophes occurred on Earth in the years 776, 747, 717, and 687 BCE. Other major events occurred in the years 1440, 1530, 1529, and 2045 BCE. If these year dates of near Earth cosmic encounters are used to calculate a periodic orbit, it averages 6 orbits around the sun every 181 years or 30 1/6 years (see chart 1 for cycle T). Also attested is that in the event of 747 BCE there were two heavenly bodies close to the Earth besides the Moon. The synchronism of the 747 BCE event, Port Royal June 7th 1692, the Lisbon and Boston earthquakes of November 1755 CE, and other events calculate an orbit for a second lesser body to be 32 orbits around the sun every 1001 Earth years or 31.28125 years (see chart 2 for cycle Y). The two charts calculate the synchronicity of year dates for Earth near encounters found in the chronicles (see index 3).
Chart 1
*******************************************************************
Periodic orbit of Titan encounters with the Earth - Cycle T
* Important historic date ** When the number of days in a year changed
/ Abrupt change in Earth's axis tilt //Reversal /\Double Reverses
BCE BCE BCE CE
5681 3791 *1893 1/6 **8 1/3
5651 **3761 *1863 *38.5
5621 3731 1832 5/6 *68 2/3
5591 3701 1802 2/3 98 5/6
5561 3671 1772.5 129
5531 3641 1742 1/3 159 1/6
5501 3611 1712 1/6 189 1/3
5471 3581 1682 219.5
5441 3551 1651 5/6 *249 2/3
5411 3521 *1621 2/3 279 5/6
5381 3491 1591.5 *310
5351 3461 1561 1/3 *340 1/6
5321 3431 *1531 1/6 *370 1/3
5291 *3401.5 1501 *400.5
5261 3371 1/3 1470 5/6 430 2/3
5231 3341 1/6 /\/\**1440 2/3 460 5/6
5201 3311 //*1410.5 *491
5171 3280 5/6 1380 1/3 521 1/6
5141 3250 2/3 *1350 1/6 *551 1/3
5111 3220.5 1320 581.5
5081 3190 1/3 *1289 5/6 *611 2/3
5051 3160 1/6 *1259 2/3 *641 5/6
5021 3130 *1229.5 *672
4991 *3099 5/6 *1199 1/3 702 1/6
4961 3069 2/3 *1169 1/6 732 1/3
4931 3039.5 1139 762.5
4901 3009 1/3 *1108 5/6 792 2/3
4871 2979 1/6 *1078 2/3 822 5/6
4841 2949 *1048.5 853
4811 2918 5/6 *1018 1/3 883 1/6
4781 2888 2/3 *988 1/6 913 1/3
4751 2858.5 958 943.5
4721 2828 1/3 927 5/6 973 2/3
4691 2798 1/6 *897 2/3 1003 5/6
4661 2768 *867.5 1034
4631 2737 5/6 *837 1/3 *1064 1/6
4601 2707 2/3 *807 1/6 1094 1/3
4571 2677.5 /*777 1124.5
4541 2647 1/3 /*746 5/6 1154 2/3
4511 2617 1/6 *716 2/3 1184 5/6
4481 2587 **686.5 1215
4451 2556 5/6 *656 1/3 1245 1/6
4421 2526 2/3 *626 1/6 *1275 1/3
4391 2496.5 *596 1305.5
4361 2466 1/3 *565 5/6 1335 2/3
4331 2436 1/6 535 2/3 1365 5/6
4301 2406 *505.5 1396
4271 2375 5/6 475 1/3 1426 1/6
4241 2345 2/3 445 1/6 *1456 1/3
4211 2315.5 415 /*1486.5
4181 2285 1/3 384 5/6 1516 2/3
4151 **2255 1/6 **354 2/3 1546 5/6 MP
4121 2125 *324.5 *1577
4091 2194 5/6 294 1/3 1607 1/6
4061 2164 2/3 264 1/6 1637 1/3
4031 2134.5 234
4001 2104 1/3 203 5/ {1655}
3971 2074 1/6 *173 2/3
3941 *2044 *143.5
3911 2013 5/6 *113 1/3
3881 1983 2/3 83 1/6
3851 1953.5 **53
3821 1923 1/3 **22 5/6
*******************************************************************
******************************************************************
Chart 2
Periodic orbit of body Y encounters with the Earth - Cycle Y
* Important date **Cycle syncs that caused calendar changes
BCE BCE BCE CE
6003 4001 1999 *4
5971.71875 3969.71875 1967.71875 *35.28125
5940.43750 3938.43750 1936.43750 *66.56250
5909.15625 3907.15625 1905.15625 97.84375
5877.87500 3875.87500 *1873.87500 129.12500
5846.59375 3844.59375 *1842.59375 160.40625
5815.31250 3813.31250 1811.31250 191.68750
5784.03125 3782.03125 1780.03125 222.96875
5752.75 3750.75 1748.75 *254.25
5721.46875 3719.46875 1717.46875 285.53125
5690.18750 3688.18750 1686.18750 *316.81250
5658.90625 3656.90625 1654.90625 *348.09375
5627.62500 3625.62500 1623.62500 *379.37500
5596.34375 3594.34375 1592.34375 *410.65625
5565.06250 3563.06250 1561.06250 *441.93750
5533.78125 3531.78125 *1529.78125 473.21875
*5502.5 3500.5 1498.5 *504.5
5471.21875 3469.21875 1467.21875 *535.78125
5439.93750 3437.93750 1435.93750 567.06250
5408.65625 3406.65625 1404.65625 *598.34375
5377.37500 3375.37500 *1373.37500 629.62500
5346.09375 3344.09375 1342.09375 660.90625
5314.81250 3312.81250 1310.81250 *692.18750
5283.53125 3281.53125 *1279.53125 **723.46875
5252.25 3250.25 1248.25 754.75
5220.96875 3218.96875 1216.96875 786.03125
5189.68750 3187.68750 1185.68750 817.31250
5158.40625 *3156.40625 1154.40625 848.59375
5127.12500 3125.12500 1123.12500 879.87500
5095.84375 3093.84375 1091.84375 911.15625
5064.56250 3062.56250 *1060.56250 942.43750
5033.28125 3031.28125 1029.28125 *973.71875
5002 3000 *998 *1005
4970.71875 2968.71875 *966.71875 1036.28125
4939.43750 2937.43750 935.43750 *1067.56250
4908.15625 2906.15625 904.15625 1098.84375
4876.87500 2874.87500 872.87500 1130.12500
4845.59625 2843.59625 841.59625 1161.40625
4814.31250 *2812.31250 810.31250 1192.68750
4783.03125 2781.03125 779.03125 1223.96875
4751.75 2749.75 **747.75 1255.25
4720.46875 2718.46875 716.46875 1286.53125
4689.18750 2687.18750 685.18750 1317.81250
4657.90625 2655.90625 653.90625 *1349.09375
4626.62500 2624.62500 *622.62500 1380.37500
4595.34375 2593.34375 *591.34375 1411.65625
4564.06250 2562.06250 *560.06250 1442.93750
4532.78125 2530.78125 **528.78125 1474.21875
4501.5 2499.5 *497.5 *1505.5
4470.21875 2468.21875 466.21875 1536.78125
4438.93750 2436.93750 434.93750 1568.06250
4407.65625 2405.65625 403.65625 1599.34375
4376.37500 2374.37500 372.47500 *1630.62500
4345.09375 2343.09375 341.09375 *1661.90625
4313.81250 2311.81250 309.81250 *1693.18750
4282.53125 2280.53125 278.53125 1724.46875
4251.25 *2249.25 /**247.25 *1755.75
4219.96875 2217.96875 215.96875 1787.03125
4188.68750 2186.68750 184.68750 *1818.31250
4157.40625 *2155.40625 153.40625 1849.59375
4126.12500 2124.12500 *122.12500 1880.87500
4094.84375 2092.84375 90.84375 1912.15625
4063.56250 *2061.56250 59.56250 1943.43750
4032.28125 2030.28125 28.28125 *1974.71875
4001 1999 4 CE 2006
*************************************************************
All that is known for sure about Titan early is when it was discovered in orbit around Saturn in 1655. When Galileo was observing Saturn (1610) specifically to find satellites, he failed to find Titan. While failed observations does not prove that Titan was not an orbiting satellite around Saturn at that time, Christopher Scheiner observed a passing body during his observations of Jupiter's satellites in 1612 [1]. Retro-calculations may prove these observations to be telescopic observations of Titan as a free body in the solar system. Important historical dates that synchronize with cycle T of chart 1 are the Exodus (1440 BCE), the first Olympiad (776 BCE), the Era of Nabonassar (747 BCE), the Mongols first invasion of Japan Nov. (20th) 1274 that mysteriously failed, and the comet of 1577 that Tycho and others measured (only the head of the comet not including its tail) was found to be a quarter of the Earth's diameter [2]. The comet of 1577 was Titan as a free body in the planetary solar system.
Chart 2 of cycle Y encounters with the Earth after Titan was known to be in orbit around Saturn are June 7, 1692 (1693.18750) Port Royal was destroyed, Nov. 1 and 18 in 1755 (1755.75) the Lisbon and Boston earthquakes, 1788 Schroeter observed a round shadow on the Moon [3], Nov. 8-10, 1819 (1818.31250) unusual weather and electrical discharges over the greater part of the North American continent centered in Montreal known as the "Phenomena of 1819" [4], March 19, 1848 lunar eclipse illuminated blood red [5], March 14, 1879 Russell and Hirst observed that a large part of Moon was covered with dark shade and the sun was eclipsed by an unknown body [6], March 7, 1911 Louisville, Kentucky dark day, and September 28, 1942 (1942.43750) the Yellow River in China overflowed and Russia experienced unusual severe winter creating climatic conditions that caused the famine of 1943 that killed millions in China and India.
There is a lot of evidence in history of the close encounters of Titan and body Y with the Earth. However, chronologies lacking exact synchronicity make the task difficult. Historians consider that from Alexander the Great III to the present safe ground chronologically speaking. However, even here there are significant problems. Alexander ruled for 12 years starting from 336 BCE. However, today's conventional date of Alexander's year of death is given as 323 BCE because of a day star appearance that occurred directly after his death which was "interpreted" as an eclipse [7]. Josephus states that all ancient authority agrees that Alexander died on 13 Pharmuthi the 114th Olympiad [8] or Julian June 22, 324 BCE. Moreover, astronomical retro-calculations place no eclipses within that year. The closest retro-calculated eclipse is on May 23, 323 BCE. The end of Alexander the Great (III) is the start of the Era of Alexander (IV) his son is acknowledged as 324 BCE. The year 324 BCE is a Titan encounter year by cycle T (see chart 1).
Philip the Arab was emperor when the secular millennium games of the founding of Rome were celebrated. The celebration did not occur on the traditional founding date of April 21st as it was delayed until July so Philip could get back from his eastern campaign to officiate for the games. Philip arrived first in Rome as emperor on July 23rd [9]. Obviously, this could only occur in Philip's 1st year because any other year would have given him the time to schedule ahead for the games. Moreover, the many animals Philip used in the games were captured by his predecessor [10]. In the conventional (AD) sync at AD 244 demands that the animals were fed and kept alive for four years. As a practical matter this is absurd. It would have cost more to feed the animals for that time interval than it would to have bought them in a timely manner for a planned event. The 1st year of Philip the Arab was 248 CE and not AD 244. A new Era started after a 249 CE cycle T event changed the equinox date to the 20th of the month [11] for 250 CE (AD 246 present usage) {equinox dates were on the 21st of March for the third century}. The cross in heaven that Constantine the Great saw on Sunday August 19th occurred in AD 312 present usage. The year 316 CE is a Vulcan encounter year so the 4 year closer sync is confirmed. The comet of Constantine's death occurred in AD 336 present usage. The year 340 CE is a Titan encounter year. In the 2nd year of Valen (first consulship of Valentinian and his brother) on 369 CE July 21st there occurred an unusually violent thunderstorm, earthquakes, and a tidal wave [12] (AD 365 present usage). The year 370 CE is a Titan encounter year from the chart. Legend states that when Rome fell in the 1163rd year (410 CE) an eclipse of the sun occurred on Saturday the 18th of June before the August (24) domination. Astronomical retro-calculation for eclipses does not indicate any during this period. However, 410 CE is a body Y encounter year from the chart. All this demands that Roman chronology be moved back to its traditional synchronization on the timeline ending the Byzantine Empire at 1457 CE and not AD 1453 as it is given today. The previous sync of 1456 with a known plus or minus a year was in range with its intentionally created error rate.
The Emperor Claudius celebrated Roman games for the 800th year since the founding of Rome in 48 CE. Gustavus Seyffarth thesis that Suffecti consules for the present consensus chronology for AD 46 and AD 78 were mistaken for consules of the year makes the sync previous to AD 46 six years earlier than in fact they were and not just 4 years. Fortunately, coins of Antoninus celebrate the 900th year of Rome in his 6th year. This matches the traditional sync at 147 CE, which is 4 years closer to our time than the present placement. The Augustus Era held to Cato's founding date of 752 BCE while the latter Roman chronologists used Varro founding date of 753 BCE.
Moving Roman chronology back to its traditional placement also shifts Byzantine chronology forward 4 years. The Justinian plagues in the sixth century depopulated the Roman Empire. The loss of manpower made recovering the empires status in the west impossible. A great earthquake occurred in Justinian's 5th year AD 531 (see index 1 proof 3). The year 535 CE is a body Y encounter year, which agrees with the tree ring date for the beginning of the dust-veil event 536 CE [13]. Irish chronicles date a great plague in AD 543 (551 CE) that depopulated the whole Earth by 1/3 of the human population, another human mortality in AD 664 (672 CE), and an animal mortality in AD 684 (692 CE) [14]. The two people plagues are 121 years apart at the same ratio as cycle T for four of its orbits. The time interval of 20 years between the two cycles T 672 CE and Y 692 CE is also the time interval between the second Irish plague of animal mortality in complete agreement with seventh century cyclic Earth encounters from cycles T in chart 1 and Y from chart 2.
References
1 Ashbrook, Joseph, Sky and Telescope, 42:344-345, 1971.
Science Monthly, 34 (Dec. 1888), page 158-161.
4 Anonymous; Scientific American, 44:329, 1881.
5 Forster, "Remarkable appearances during the total eclipse of
the Moon on March 19, 1848", Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, 8, page 132-3.
6 Henry Chamberlain Russell, "Notes of an astronomical
experiment made on the Blue Mountains, near Sydney, N.S.W.",
Observatory, 2 (1879): 370-5, at 375; Richard A. Proctor,
"A startling astronomical discovery", London Echo, March 14,
1879, page 1 c.5.
7 The Greek Alexander Romance, translated by Richard Stoneman,
Penguin Books, 1991, Book three, chapter 33, page 157.
8 Flavius Josephus Against Apion Book 1 section 22.
9 Anon. Val., 2, 2; Vict. de Caes., 40, 2.
10 Lact. de mort. pers., 26, 2.
11 Salisbury and Mattingly in JRS, XIV (1924), page 21-23;
Anon. Val., 2, 4; Eutrop., X, 1, 3; Vict. de Caes., 40, 4.
12 Ammianus Marcellinus, Book 26, chapter 10, sections 15-19,
translated by Walter Hamilton, Penguin edition.
13 Baillie, M.G.L., "Dendrochronology raises questions about the
nature of the AD 536 dust-veil event.", The Holocene, 4, 2(1994),
pp. 212-217.
14 Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters translated
by John O'Donovan, LL.D., M.R.I.A. Barrister at Law, 2nd
edition V. 1, Dublin 1856 pages 183, 275, and 291.
* Immanuel Velikovsky, Worlds in Collision, 1950, New York
Dendrochronology: Hard evidence of cyclical worldwide events by trees
The
great Korean historian Ki-Baik Lee places one of the great worldwide
events at 535 CE, which agrees with the Irish bog dendrochronology
irregular tree ring of 536 CE (Baillie 1994) to the dust-veil event.
However, earlier Irish bog lapses into a mysterious `missing' oak gap
during the first century BCE (Baillie 1995; _A Slice Through Time_, page
57): "there is no Irish oak material between 95 BC and 13 BC". Are we
to be led to believe that oak stopped growing only in Ireland for nearly
a century at one point and only one point during hundreds of
millennium? Would not such an occurrence have been commented on in the
historic annals? There is no such comment in the annals because this gap
is simply an artificial creation by an incorrect synchronization with
bristlecone pines irregular tree ring signature (1627 BCE) to an Irish
event nearly a century later. The Irish annals give an unusual event
where 3/4 of the population of Ireland died in the 16th century BCE.
With the correct historic sync the end of extended Dorsey chronology is
at 9 BCE, which overlaps Teeshan chronology that starts at 13 BCE
leaving no gap at all. The arbitrary inclusion of 71 tree rings in the
German dendrochronology sequence at 500 BCE (Pilcher, Baillie, Schmidt,
and Becker 1984; Schmidt and Freundlich 1984), which was done only to
`match' the bristlecone pine sync (1627 BCE), has no basis. In fact the
German master sequence again needs to be moved forward for 15 more years
from its present placement where it was previously moved forward 26
years [369 to 395 CE] (Hollstein 1980) so it can end at 410 CE, which
not only is the traditional year for the sack of Rome (1163rd) but a Y
cycle sync event date from the chart. Since the 1627 BCE irregular tree
ring signature for bristlecone pine comes from a living chronology, it
correlates to the dominate T cycle at a 1621 BCE sync. Both bristlecone
pine and Irish bog sequences have within their ring counts double annual
tree ring growths for some seasons (see table 1). In order for any
double ring growths to have gone unnoticed in the master counts requires
such conditions to have been worldwide occurrences affecting more trees
than not. [Table 1]
******************************************************************
* * 4377 3199 2911 2354 2345 1626 1159 1141 949 229 *
* * 4270 3097 2811 2254 2248 1529 1077 1059 867# 143#
*_________________________________________________________________
* 107 102 100 100 97 97 82 82 82 86 *
******************************************************************
# tree killing event
Top row is the present Irish bog irregular signature sync dates using the 1627 BCE bristlecone pine synchronization as the cross point. Middle row is cycle sync signature dates BCE a year after the events except for 867 BCE and 143 BCE as tree killing events and pegged to the historic 1530 BCE event affecting the 1529 BCE tree ring. Bottom row is the difference.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The
most significant data for BCE synchronicity in table one is the 18 tree
rings between 1159 and 1141 and the 9 rings between 2354 and 2345
because the first markers were evident of environmental stress on the
trees, which was not relieved until another event caused the former
condition to be changed again. The 18 and 9 ring separations between
signatures caused by the different T and Y cycles make it easy to know
the correct century they occurred in. The difference between cycle T and
V in the twelfth century BCE is 15 years while it is 18 years for the
eleventh century BCE at 1078 BCE (T) and 1060 BCE (Y), which upholds the
historical target date (1530 BCE) sync. There are 3 years of separation
between the two cycles in the 24th century BCE and 6 years separation
in the 23rd century BCE. Since there are 9 tree rings separating the
beginning of the tree stress (2354) and the narrowest ring in the
sequence (2345), the present Irish bog sync (1626) would require 3 years
in a row of triple ring growths. The traditional historic sync (1530
BCE) requires only 3 years of double ring growths during 6 years. The 15
ring difference (97 - 82) between the dendrochronological sequence and
the cycle signature dates is caused by efforts to synchronize two
different tree ring chronologies to events that are nearly a century
apart. Bristlecone pine is spot on from living chronologies to the 6th
century. However, somewhere between the 536 CE ring and the first
century BCE becomes 6 rings more than the year count. The Ides of March
(15th day) 37 BCE comet event is placed at a 43 BCE frost ring. No
unaccounted for extra ring growths per year in ring counts are evident
for bristlecone pine between the frost ring (43 BCE) and the 1627 BCE
tree ring for a T cycle event at 1621 BCE or the same 6 year difference
of mis-synchronization. The irregular tree ring signatures between
bristlecone pine at 1627 BCE and the sync of 1626 BCE in the Irish bog
are actually 91 years apart so that by natural extension the sequence
constructs between the end of GB2 and start of Teeshan [1], which begins
at 13 BCE, are incorrect in sync. Furthermore, the German
dendrochronology that synchronized the end of GB2 to its 158 BCE ring
instead of 143 BCE has its own sync error of 15 years too far from our
own time. The arbitrary extra 71 tree rings added into the mix at 500
BCE increases the sync mismatch to 86 rings (71 + 15 = 86). The near
century gap of *missing* Irish oaks between the end of the Dorsey
extended chronology (95 BCE) to the beginning of Teeshan (13 BCE) is
caused by the incorrect sync. No gap of missing oaks actually exists
because Dorsey is connected to GB2, the 207 BCE narrowest ring of the
first millennium BCE is a Y cycle signature sync (121 BCE), and the
chronology bridges Teeshan by a mere 4 rings ending at 9 BCE. The
narrowest ring is 22 rings after the end of GB2 (143 BCE). Kumiholm's
Anatolian dendrochronology has 1258, 1140, and 981 BCE ring syncs with
match ratings of 4, 4, and 5. However, instead of taking the highest
corresponding match sequence in the 981 sync the 1140 match was used in
order to sync with the bristlecone pine 1627 BCE narrow ring growth
year. The grid indicates that the chronological sync of bristlecone pine
17th century BCE irregular tree ring (1627 BCE) to Kumiholm's free
floating chronology is about 2 1/2 centuries off and by this posit will
suffer an artificial gap like Irish bog. Despite this incorrect sync in
the Anatolian master chronology even its present placements will yield
historic dates for trees in the construction of Hittite forts of around 3
centuries closer to our time than today's conventional historic
chronologies. The conventional chronology for the Hittite Empire ends at
1200 BCE like many empires in the Middle East, which are dependent on
Egyptian dating. The Hittite fort of Tille Huyuk on the Euphrates had
its trees cut no earlier than 1123 BCE by Kumiholm's new
synchronization, which makes it 3 centuries closer than conventional
expectations. Can a fort be built of tree logs a century before the logs
were cut? The correct sync is no earlier than 868 BCE. Regardless, the
stranglehold of conventional Egyptian chronology is completely destroyed
by this single synchronization. The most important information within
dendrochronology is that individual tree chronologies have within them
irregular tree rings that agree with the grid of tradition cycles of T
and Y indicating historic Earth encounters by extraterrestrial agents in
the solar system. The markers, irregular tree rings (1159 and 949 BCE),
are in the same parameters of traditional historic chronological event
cycles. The dendrochronology indicates events 211 years apart (1159 and
949 BCE) with the correct syncs as 1077 and 867 BCE. Of course, the
events were 1078 and 867 BCE with common one ring (year) delays in
showing affects in the tree ring growths. However, the reaction delayed
rings are missing for the 867 BCE and the 143 BCE events because both
were tree killing events. The same T cycle periodicity fits within the
pattern at 724 years apart with four 181 year cycles.
Archaeology & Geology Strata
Addition by missing layers
One
would think nothing could be simpler. The deeper one digs the older the
remains are. However, that is not the conventionalists interpretation
because layers of around 6 centuries that includes the whole ancient
Persian period that history tells us occurred between the Roman and the
Neo Babylonian layers are missing except in Iran itself. How could such a
result in fact occur? Obviously, it cannot. The problem must be caused
by scholarly misinterpretation of the age of the ground layers with
their items found in them. If this is not so, then we have a problem of
cosmic proportions. Two opposing views cannot both be correct. Either
traditional Greek history is real or it is made up. Iran's archaeology
states without question that the kings of that period existed for the
time traditionally given. The alternatives are that the remains for
these missing layers were removed to outlining regions, something that
occurs nowhere else in archaeology, by later civilizations before Roman
times or that the natural processes operated in all regions except Iran
for 6 centuries. Both ideas are completely preposterous. Traditional
Greek history is firmly established well into the 8th century BCE. The
Babylonians, Hebrews, and other sources make it plain. The Egyptian
tradition of a Persian occupation fully and independently confirms it.
Why would the proud Egyptians confirm a humiliating occupation of their
nation if this period of history is all made up by the Greeks? New
layers of earth are laid down by nature the same way in all regions.
However differently layers can be laid down from one another they
certainly are not directed by national geographic boundaries. Yehoshua
Etzion in using an independent meter or yard stick for Israeli
archaeology and not the conventional Egyptian dating system has shown
that the accepted traditional history directly earlier than the Roman
layers is evident. Instead of going from the start of the Roman period
directly to the end of the kingdom of Judea, skipping the Persian period
entirely, he shows that the period of Hasmonean and Ptolemaic are
present along with the missing Persian strata during the Iron Age, which
started in the late part of the 8th century BCE instead of 1200 BCE.
All other regions begin their Iron Age at around 600 BCE. Only
chronologies dominated by Egyptian dating suggest Iron Ages of smelting
during much earlier times. As such the uniform break in Middle Eastern
chronologies at 1200 BCE is purely an artificial construct. A false
chronological construct forcefully imposed on archaeological layers
requires a reordering of the actual layers by the addition of
nonexistent `missing' layers within strata. Journal articles define this
kind of sequencing as `not unexpected defects of normal strata'.
Archaeological
sites are time capsules of past activity. Cities have varying periods
of activity. This makes judging a sites period relative to others more
art than science. The name Ramesses is in three distinct dynastic
periods in traditional chronology; during the early dynastic period, the
19th and 20th dynasties where periods of separation between them are
substantial. Between the early dynastic Ramesses and Ramesses II are
near 2 millennium. Over a hundred and fifty years between the end of the
18th dynasty and Ramesses II and near the same period between the end
of the 19th dynasty and Ramesses III. In the present conventional
chronology Ramesses are not acknowledged in the early dynastic period,
little of any time stands between the end of the 18th dynasty and
Ramesses II, nor much time between the end of the 19th dynasty and
Ramesses III. However, the actual archaeological strata between the end
of the 18th dynasty and Ramesses II and the end of the 19th dynasty and
Ramesses III better fits the traditional chronological periods that
separate them.
Factual
worldwide disruptions within the archaeological stratum have occurred 6
times. Schaeffer's first of 6 events end at Early Bronze Age III, the
end of the Early Bronze Age, end of the Middle Bronze Age (where a long
hiatus is placed), end of the Late Bronze Age II, end of the Bronze Age
and start of the Iron Age, and the third century CE. A problem is that
these actual worldwide disruptions have no ideological basis to exist
within consensus beliefs. The time periods assigned to each event at any
site is done not by depth and order but by artifacts tied to an
Egyptian chronology. Dependency on circular logic is the forge of the
day. As such the actual disruptions are denied their status as worldwide
time markers. However, we now know that the end of the Early Bronze Age
and start of the Middle Bronze Age occurred at the fall of Ur III and
the rise of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. That puts a real date on the
event at 2045 BCE, which means the first event is the Curse of Akkad in
the year 2255 BCE for the end of Early Bronze Age III. This framework is
supported by other independent sources. However, a very unusual and
long hiatus is put at the end of the Middle Bronze Age for 5-7
centuries. The next 3 events are positioned only by Egyptian chronology
and all the other chronologies are force fit to a most unusual and
prolonged hiatus without any historic source of it actually having
occurred. The end of the Bronze Age is put at 1200 BCE, which is 6
centuries too early. The New kingdom began the Late Bronze Age at the
end of the second millennium BCE. The Bronze Age ends where the Iron Age
begins at around 600 BCE. The last of these 6 worldwide disruptions in
the archaeological layers occurred in the year 249 of the Common Era.
If
the Middle East had in fact began its iron age at 1200 BCE, would not
these kinds of artifacts be in evidence in other regions of the world?
Trade would spread them from region to region. However, there is no
evidence of smelted iron anywhere except the Middle East earlier than
600 BCE. Isaac Newton spent the greater part of his life working on a
revised chronology for Egypt and the other associated countries that put
the New Kingdom 4 centuries closer to our time than today's
conventional system. More resent two other systems making Egyptian New
Kingdom chronology 2 or 3 centuries closer have been developed. However,
it is Velikovsky's 5 1/2 century resynchronization for the Egyptian New
Kingdom proposed in the middle of the 20th century that supports an
Iron Age placement for the Middle East which is in agreement with the
rest of world's archaeology.
The reconstruction of traditional
ancient history and chronology is based on a starting date of 3398 BCE,
which supports the known historical narrative and placements. However,
such placements are only helpful to the archaeologist if the ancients
created truthful historic narratives with discernible synchronic
systems. There are other traditional starts such as 2254 BCE, which
greatly compresses the narrative history making multiple dynastic
placements contemporaneous ("Compendium of World History", Hoeh, 1967
edition). However, it is made clear that the date of 2254 BCE was
altered by a year from 2255 BCE because the reigns of the king list was
short by a single year.
However,
down grading the traditional narrative with a 3398 BCE starting point
in the chronology to 2254 BCE makes it so that there is no Persian
empire nor Medes for Alexander the Great (III) to conquer the world.
Heinsohn on the other hand suggests that the problem is a doubling the
length of the time of the strata. The conventional framework of 54
centuries would need to be halved and double the depth strata to cover
the ruins that starts with Cyrus II in 576 BCE. If this was correct, it
would mean earlier history is fake. It would mean that Jesus was born
around 700 CE at the start of the Iron Age. The Roman Republic could not
have been Iron Age but a Bronze Age civilization. Also, the end of the
Judah of Zedekiah would have been contemporary with Constantine the
Great. To implement this frame would require a completely new chronology
which nobody has in any serious way suggested. To do so would mean the
archaeology measure would become 2 feet deep per millennium, which would
alter the age of the Earth's crust by half to only 47.5 million years
for the average of 18 miles deep.
The early historic weakness of archaeology in the sciences left it without the psychological power to demand much of anything from the other disciplines. To overcome a lack of comprehensive dating the discipline adopted a very reliable internal system of dating pottery ages to compensate. However, no systematic attempt at double blind carbon dating has been performed for the whole range of time with the same kinds of Egyptian artifacts because it was deemed unnecessary to do so. Even when clusters of time periods have been performed the results were almost never published if they fail to get expected results. The study of archaeology will continue, exactly as it is consciously and unconsciously designed to do, to only be a psychological hindrance in accepting the fact of and meaning of worldwide catastrophes. The block this represents to chronological studies cannot be overstated.
Geological Epochs: Cycles, depth, and heat
What causes boundary layers in the ground? What distinctions occur that can make differentiating layers in the Earth? Geological time in decreasing order is: eon, era, period, epoch, and age. There are ages in epochs, epochs in periods, periods in eras, and eras in eons. Tom van Flandern's calculation of 3.2 million years for the orbital parameters of the new comet creation event [1] suggests that the measuring stick of geology is off by more than an 80 fold factor putting the event at the start of the Triasic Era. The Jurassic period corresponds to when Earth was cut into two exact halves. These results match much better to the calculated age of sediments of the oceans at an average of about 100 million years (Tompkins 1971). Lord Kelvin's thermodynamic calculation gave a 2 to 20 million year result for the age of the Earth. After radioactivity was discovered the heat calculation increased to 20 to 200 million years for an average medium age of again about 100 million years. Since the Earth’s crust is on average only 18 miles (29 km) deep, the depth limit calculates a range of around 95 million years for the crust agreeing with the average measurements of Tompkins and Lord Kelvin adjusted. The archaeological measure of a foot per millennium limits the oldest Cambrian layers to being less than 10 million years and not it’s given half a billion years.
What
exactly is the Earth's structure? From wave soundings the Earth is
either a solid 12,000 km (8,000 mile) diameter sphere with the strength
of steel or only a 3,200 km (2,000 mile) thick shell. Neither of the two
models has more legitimacy over the other despite that fact a solid non
cavity Earth is taken as the norm by consensus science. However, the
gravity center of the Earth Moon system is only 1,600 km (1,000 miles)
under the Earth's surface, which just happens to be a quarter of the
sphere and half the shell depth. If the Earth was completely solid, the
gravity center of the Earth Moon system would be very near the Earth's
center about 6,000 km (4,000 mile) deep since the Earth is over 80 times
the mass of the Moon. The barycenter model is then a reflection of a
hollow sphere. Ancient sources offer the interesting notion that the
Earth is layered like an egg with a central hollow cavity:
"...Earth was much greater than the present, higher and more
advanc'd into the Air: That it was smooth and regular in its
surface, without Mountains or Valleys, but hollow within..." [2].
This
notion completely changes the density distribution of the Earth where
the lesser dense layers move outward towards both the outer and the
inner surface from inside the cavity. Layers would be distributed from
the central densest layer 1,600 km or a thousand miles deep from the
outermost surface exactly midway between the outer surface and inner
cavity surface, which is where sounding waves diverge two thousand miles
down matching the Earth/Moon gravity center. The machine sounding wave
evidence better fits the traditional cavity model and its internal
density distribution [3]. Even Earth's shape is not as it seems. The
poles fall inward and are not rounded tops as was observed by of the
lunar eclipse of 1887 August 3rd 9:30 PM local time Hamburg [4] (see
diagram 1). The diagram of Earth's shadow (lunar eclipse) does not
indicate where the center of the shadow is so it's not possible to
calculate the latitude of the flattening, except approximately. However,
the magnetic field, which has two poles on either side of the great
divide that splits the Earth in two, comes together on its own sides
about 60 degrees latitude for both the north and south poles. Two
magnetic poles at each geological pole were first proposed by W.
Weinberg in 1937. The poles fall inward from the inside. However, man's
belief that the Earth is a sphere tricks his depth perception into
viewing an inward crater as a mound. The Arizona crater (Barringer
Meteorite Crater) when viewed from directly on top looks exactly like a
dome.
[diagram 1]
Halton
Arp indicates that distance measurements for the visible universe are
ten or a hundred times too great. Reducing distance that astronomical
objects are from all other points reduces their age by the same factor.
The present age estimate for our universe of 13.7 billion years is
dependent on the big bang theory of expansion. However, Doppler redshift
of light is not a measure of distance but of age in a static
non-expanding universe. In that case only our own galactic age would be
what was being measured. The age of the universe cannot be measured by
the data points being used. No basis is available yet to measure the age
of our universe.
However,
the main question becomes where did all this extra material of soil
come from that created new layers of Earths geological column? If it
came from lower levels of the Earth, then previous layers in the crust
would be missing. However, that is not what is generally found even
while disruptions are found. Moreover, ruins are found as mounds covered
with earth as if the dirt was thrown on them from on top evenly. Top
soil moving from place to place could not bury the entire planet as
occurs without destroying previous layers. Where does this extra soil
come from at the rate of a foot per millennium? Is the Earth growing at
this rate? Samuel Warren Carey thought so as he indicated in his book
_The Expanding Earth_ (1976). Does soil fall from space at that rate?
The entire galaxy is becoming denser at every conceivable level in the
flow of time. Arp Halton comments that mass creation is episodic and
that "all the lessons in cosmic evolution ...have pointed to
quantization on all scales with rapid evolutionary jumps between them"
[5]. A galaxy that suddenly and dramatically decreased its velocity
would affect the Birkeland current flow within itself and increase its
density and mass. Galactic velocity and mass represent a simple ratio
where more mass means less velocity and vice versa. However, the energy
total remains the same. The age difference between the highest
redshifted matter and the oldest new matter is 3 million years [6].
Earth and all planetary solar systems are slowly increasing in mass and
density. When the velocity of the galaxy reaches the tipping point, it
shifts to a lower quantum value. A sudden change in a planets
environment and even gravity value may occur causing the mass extinction
of plants and animals that are no longer viable in the radically
changed new geological era. The longer the duration between changes in
the values within the galaxy the greater extent the extinction becomes
for local planets. Historic chronologies denoting a change in _World
Eras_ occurred during the last quarter of the 32nd century BCE. Hindu
sources indicate an exact year by a yuga cycle of 1200 years for the mid
Holocene event at 3119 BCE, which can also be independently calculated
by other traditions [see index 1 proof 1]. Dodwell found a 1200 year
oscillation for Earth's magnetic strength [7]. However, it is not
intended to suggest this particular cycle is in correlation. It is given
only to point out that rhythms of nature do exist with this harmonic
cycle.
The events that created boundaries for all of the
geological strata are much closer to us in time. Earlier geological eras
require on average an 80 fold reduction for their time passage, which
matches the Flandern's orbital calculation of 3.2 million years as its
mean from galactic quantum velocity downshifts every 3 million years.
By this we can see that the Cambrian began a mere 6.2 million years ago,
The middle of that column 3 million years later at 3.2 million years at
Flandern's event, again 3 million years to the start of 90% of new
mammals including man a mere 200 thousand years ago, the night sun
Saturn entry event 66k years ago made possible by a change in cosmic
function, Earth polar reversal 60k years ago, reversal 45k years ago,
Deluge reversal 38.3k years ago, another CCF event 34k and 25k given as
23k before the 3rd year of Alexander (III) the Great at the reign of
Helios, a postulated reversal at 16497 BCE, a CCF 9.7k, the last
historical reversal at 1409 BCE June 8th, and a CCF when Roman mortar
lost its strength after the dedication of Valen's aqueduct in 376 CE.
The Holocene is actually a different measure of the same ground starting
at the sinking of Atlantis where the middle Holocene gravity change
event 51.5 centuries ago in 3119 BCE and a near Earth encounter at the
end of EBA III in 2255 BCE at the start of a 6 year interregnum in the
king list of Egypt. Moreover, the condition of the Earth is not in a
natural state. The Earth was cut north/south into two equal parts 2.5
million years ago, which allowed Earths single land mass to separate
into many portions and drift into other regions. Since only an
artificial laser could cut the Earth into two exact halves as occurred,
it requires intelligent actors to account for these facts.
*
The Deluge year 36,357 BCE is not a mistake for the record date of
36,358 BCE while other dates of Earth polar reversals are (16497 BCE) of the Olduvai which is not
given by the establishmen and first acknowledged as an
incursion at 17k and now 18k BP years ago.
GEOLOGICAL COLUMN
Era Period Epoch (millions of years geo) actual
Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene .0117 9568 BCE
Meghalayan .0042 2255 BCE
Tarantian 0.126 .0017 375 CE CCF
Chibanian 0.781 .0097 7751 BCE CCF
Olduvai 18.5k BP
Calabrian 2.0 .025 23334 BCE CCF
Pliestocene 2.7 .034 34k BP CCF
Karena 36357 BCE
Piacenzian 3.6 .045 45k BP
.060 60k BP
Tertiary Pliocene 5.3 .066 66k BP CCF
Laughian 15.5 .2 200k BP
Miocene 24 .3
Oligocene 36 .45
Eocene 52 .65
Mesozoic Paleocene 65 .8
Cretaceous 145 1.8
Jurassic 201 2.5
Triasic 252 3.2
Palaeozoic Permian 299 3.8
Carbonifer Penn 359 4.5
Mississippian 419 5.3
Silurian 443 5.5
Ordovician 485 6
Cambrian 500 6.2
1 Tom van Flandern, _Dark Matter, Missing Planets, and New Comets_,
1999, page 435.
2 Francisco Patricio; _Della Rhetorica degli Antichi_:
Printed at Venice, 1562. Cited by Burnet in his 1699
edition of _The Sacred Theory of the Earth_.
3 Jan Lamprecht, _Hollow Planets_, 1998, end of chapter 3.
4 Malet, H. P.; _The Lunar Eclipse of August 3_, Nature, 36:413, 1887.
5 Halton Arp, _Seeing Red_, 2001, page 268.
6 Halton Arp, _Seeing Red_, 2001, page 110.
7 Dodwell, _Magsat down: Magnetic Field Declining_,
117 Sci. News (1980), 407.
Year & Moon Counts: Universa Terra
Since
our traditions and myths indicate that the Earth and other planets were
disturbed in their orbits by significant extraterrestrial bodies and or
dynamics, we would expect that Earth's average distance from the Sun to
have suddenly changed periodically. The Earth was moved from its pivot,
which is confirmed by the records of nature. However, there is no
orbital residue as expected from these kinds of occurrences. Past
observers have noted a vast array of tricks planets perform then later
act as if nothing had ever happened in the first place [1]. This
indicates that dead gravity (non-charge) model of our planetary solar
system does not describe the operating dynamics of close Earth
encounters. Today's gravity model dismisses planetary encounters because
such dynamics would ballistically throw both bodies completely out of
the planetary solar system. However, planetary disruptions have occurred
as a cursory view of Earth and Mars show unmistakable marks of the
exchanges of planetary discharges and scaring called thunderbolts. The
Venus Tablets clearly indicate Venus' orbit was disturbed and then
quickly came back as if nothing had happened at all. The magnetotail of
Venus nearly reaches to the Earth and the push the system generates
suggests that the planets are at distances from each other by least
resistance. Aristotle's idea that mass attracts mass as a universal
constant has no known causation while measurement of G actually
fluctuates.
The
oldest source for a calendar is from the Hindu Mahabharata (3156 BCE)
period that makes it clear that a 12 month 30 day solar year of 360 days
was being used (ancient counts were originally lunar). However, the
month is also clearly not 30 days of length. The star count (mansions)
is 27 so the length of the Moon period was 27 to 28 of these `days'. On
average the calculation gives 27.65 `days' and where the Full Moon (FM)
is commonly on the 14th or 15th day when the Age of the Moon was on
average 14 days 18 hours and 6 minutes. Sources also exist for a
calendar reform of 3761 BCE Oct 7th. The founding year is placed on
three different years or plus or minus a year from 3762 BCE, which
middle position is used in AM dating. What exactly that reform was is
not known. Reliable ancient calendar data and texts exists with
statements that years used to consist of 360 days after the Exodus and
only 354 days before. In "The Book of Sothis" under the 32nd king Aseth,
it states "This king added the 5 intercalary days to the year: in his
reign, they say, the Egyptian year became a year of 365 days, being
previously reckoned as 360 days only." The astronomical arrangements of
the planetary orbits as described in the last portion of the
Panchasiddhantika shows that the orbital year did once consist of 360
days. Fermor and Reade's calculations and conclusions have shown it was
not really the year that was shorter. The calculation indicates that the
days were longer [2]. Aristotle states that 1/5 of a year was 72 days
[3]. Before the Exodus calendars consisted of 354 and 355 days [4]. At
the time of Hezekiah, who was a contemporary of Numa the reformer of the
Roman calendar, years began to have 365 days [5]. Thales the Milesian
of the seventh century BCE was the first to calculate a year of 365 days
[6] and it was not until the 9th year of Ptolemy III (247 BCE) where a
leap day was added to a calendar of 365 days in the Decree of Canopus
[7]. These changes cannot be only cultural calendar reforms as many
cultures all around the world made the same changes during the same
periods. Mayan calendar calculations seem to indicate greater calendar
day counts earlier than indicated above for the seventh and mid fourth
century BCE. However, both are in fact a full cycle too early. The
calendar Kaminaljuyu (433 BCE) with a cycle of 83 years is one full
cycle earlier from the first year that needed an extra day (433 BCE –83 =
350 BCE) four years after the disturbance of T cycle (354 BCE). The
same is true for calendar A of 739 BCE with a cycle of 52 years (739 BCE
- 52 = 687 BCE) for the first year of 365 days neat. Both calendars
confirm the years of disturbance as being 687 BCE and 354 BCE. The Mayan
calendar calculations are seemingly backwards because they subtract
extra leap days forward and then add a full score at the end of the
count. However, the Mayan calendar does not begin from an actual era
event because the future end date is the Era and counts are done from
the future winter solstice of 2012 CE December 21st backwards into the
past. This clarifies the adding of a full score of leap days towards the
future and subtracting leap day methodology and the miss synchronizing
of their new calendar starts by those that worked them forward rather
than a backwards method.
Past
calendar reforms have represented actual displacements of Earth's orbit
and changes in the number a days per orbit while retro-calculations
need to be adjusted before 1440 BCE for the length of orbit. Years of
365 and 1/4 day rotations began in 354 BCE in a Titan encounter year.
Years of 365 days precede beginning from March 23, 687 BCE [8]. Before
that, years of 360 days began from the 14th of Abib 1440 BCE. Years of
354 and 355 day calendars preceded beginning during the early teen years
of Jacob when Abraham had one more year to live. The calendar reform of
3761 BCE (an early Titan cycle event) a new spring equinox date for
3760 BCE was the start of 25 year cycles (Victorian) for Sirius (Dog)
star risings. Years are estimated at around 350-360 days previous to the
20th century BCE. There are numbers given in diverse traditions that
offer ranges from 200 to 447 rotations per year. The Palermo Stone has
320 for a year [9]. The old Roman year of 304 days is no longer out of
range. The ancient ten month year kept its form when an additional month
was added making one month as long as 60 days or a year of eleven
months. The Old Chronicle gives such numbers as 30,000 years, 3,984
years for 12 gods, 217 years for 8 demigods, and 443 for 15 generations.
From the Deluge record date (36,358 BCE) minus 30,000, 217, and 443
equals the 22nd Sothic cycle or 5,698 BCE. However, the formula includes
an additional 3,984 years, which means this could be a coincidence.
However, the number as a late interloper could be an effort to place the
start of the New Kingdom in the systems 1718 BCE position or 7
centuries earlier than in fact. The breakdown of the numbers offer a
year of 332 days ' (3984/12), a month of 27.125 (217/8) days', and
(443/15) 29.5333... day month for latter times. There is evidence of 28,
27, and 26 `day' months (M.B. 6.3.29 "The Moon and the Sun have been
eclipsed in one month at an interval of 13 days."), and years of 360
days before the 7th century BCE after the Exodus and previously in the
32nd century BCE [10] and before.
Changes
in Earth's number of days per year have occurred, which reverted back
to previous values in both short and long termed cycles. However, these
changes can be extremely difficult to detect. A most dramatic change was
the 31 year period between 24 BCE and 8 CE, during the time when Jesus
was born, where years were again only 365 days neat (without leap days).
Augustus simply ceased adding leap days to the calendar from his 13th
year (25 BCE) to his 49th year (12 CE) for 12 cycles of triennia or 36
years as Macrobius states. These facts have led those upholding
uniformitarian beliefs of Earth's rotation rate to hypothesize that the
plain actions of Augustus were caused by a mistake in previous leap day
placements at every third year. However, that is an impossible
occurrence. Hipparchus of Nicaea had already worked out an exact way to
measure the length of a sidereal year in the 2nd century BCE. If this
kind of mistake had occurred (assuming a 365.25 day year), it would only
take four leap day insertions at 3 year intervals instead of the Common
Era 4 year intervals until the calendar year would show itself to be
off by near 1 full degree from the standard star references and easily
measured by any layman to be a full day off the calendar equinox date.
Moreover, the Roman Julian 365 1/3 day calendar was correct for the
period. A measurement of 365 1/3 was performed with record sources in
Babylon, China, and India. The Pitamaha Siddhanta gives the length of
the year as 365 days 21 ghati and 25 pala, which adds up to an extra 8
hours and 34 minutes. Oenepidus approximation was 22/59 or 8 hours 57
minutes. While this new Roman calendar (365.33) was in operation for a
short duration from the first triennia leap day calendar of 37 BCE to
the last in 25 BCE adds an additional five leap days. Calendric back
counts would be correct for a 28 year period from 52 BCE to 24 BCE.
Since the calendar reform of Numa added an inter-calculation every 2nd
year, the new Roman calendar of the 7th century BCE was like the common
360 day calendars of the period with 10 day insertions every other year.
Like the 365 day calendar of the Egyptians the equinox dates moved
retrograde one day per 4 years in this era. After 298 years (350 BCE to
52 BCE {T cycle}) the movement of retrograde days was 74.5 days at 25
leap day insertions per century. Added are triennia from 52 BCE with the
first triennia leap day at 49 BCE, then 46 BCE, 43 BCE, and 40 BCE
before the year of confusion (38 BCE) resets a new calendar equinox date
for 37 BCE. The disturbance of 52 BCE generated 4 more extra leap days
for its period and when added with the 74 leap day insertions since the
first in 350 BCE. This is the amount added in the Roman year of
confusion of 38 BCE at 443 days or an additional 78 days to a 365 day
calendar. The first instituted Julian year of 37 BCE was a leap year.
The natural rotation added a leap day for 23 BCE by a half day from 54
to 52 BCE and half a day between 26 BCE and the disturbance (earthquake)
of 24 BCE. It is possible by these records to calculate an exact day
count of the Exodus 14 Nisan 2321 AM - Julian 14 March 1440 BCE - 1
Pachon) and the start of the 354 day calendar (354.2) with a leap day
every 5 years, which was in force from the start of the last year of
Abraham so the Exodus occurred in a leap year.
The
Ethiopian Calendar Era begins in year 8 of the Common Era (CE) after
Earth's rotation rate came back to the previous count of 365 1/4 days
per year. The Julian calendar restarted leap years from year 12 of the
Common Era without laps, while equinox date went without retrograde
movement from the mid fourth century BCE until the 8th century [11]
except for the disturbance of 249 CE. Orbital precession altered the
equinox dates from the 8th century CE onwards at one day per 3
centuries. The change in Earths astronomical rotation rate from 365.25
days to 365.24219 days in the 8th century created a new and different
count of `days' for the Moon making the Damaskine palm reform of AD 743
necessary in order to calculate future Easter and other calendar dates.
After this reform the ancient eclipses in the annals were recalculated
to fit the new 8th century astronomical values of the Moon. Chinese
historians recalculated the eclipse placements on the time line of
previous dynasties to fit what are now the present chronological
structures. However, the actual records did not agree with astronomical
retro-calculations. The single eclipse record of the Assyrian Empire
`dated' in the 3rd month of Siwan for year 763 BCE June 15th, which is
deemed the same as the Babylonian month Simanu, occurred on the Earth as
far as calculations are concerned. However, the actual year placement
is 749 BCE and the astronomical retro-calculated eclipse of that year is
on the other side of the hemisphere. There are records that agree with
astronomical retro-calculated Moon phases, which means that the Moon's
orbital paths have tracks that it can revert back to after disturbances
alter its orbital path. Josephus' only lunar eclipse in year 8 of the
Common Era (March 10th 10:01 PM Jerusalem local time) agrees with
today's astronomical retro-calculation as a Full Moon only.
The
Earth has a propensity to revert back to its average distance from the
Sun even after significant disturbances occurred. What then is the cause
of the different number of days in a year in past calendars if the
distance the Earth is to the Sun is not the factor? A possible cause
could be changes in Earths orbital incline to the Suns equator. The
Earth now orbits at a 7 degree incline to the Suns equator at closest
and furthest approaches, which is the greatest of all the planets. Most
planets are only inclined on average 4 to 5 degrees while some are much
less. Different inclines to the Sun make for different density values
for the ion current of the Sun (solar wind) because the space or volume
the planet occupies, box like, becomes larger or smaller with the
planets incline to the Sun. Also the planet tail pushes another planet
further out into a greater orbit. Birkeland current flows help explain
planetary orbits & rotation and right handedness in nature.
Past
Moon day counts are as diverse as Earth year day counts during the same
period of historical disturbances. However, one more ancient and far
more dramatic is indicated to have occurred in 5114 BCE when the "Moon
waxed beyond reckoning" (Aegyptiaca). Babylon documents state that the
Sun was only 2/3 of the diameter of the Moon in the past unlike today
with its one to one (1:1) apparent ratio with the Sun. Gold points out
that the Moons tidal bulge is appropriate for a greater proximity to the
Earth [12]. Such a change from 2/3 to 1/1 would put the Moons average
distance at only 250,000 km (today's 384,400 km) with an average 14
`day' count for its orbit. Is this the origin for the Egyptian week of
14 days? The Earths rotational rate changes also changed the number of
`days' that calculate a Moon count with unchanging average distance and
period. The near 29 1/2 day counts for the Moon are the best documented
in the records. However, in the middle of the historic 2nd millennium
BCE are 30 full day counts documented after the Exodus, which continued
until the seventh century BCE when the count came back to its previous
29 1/2 day counts. Egyptian records state; "Saites added 12 hours to the
month, to make its length 30 days; and he added 6 days to the year,
which thus comprised 365 days." [13] The record is said to be in error
in giving 6 days as the number that was added to the new calendar. They
would change 6 to 5. However, no 365 day calendar incorporated an actual
30 full day month. Josephus states that Saites was the founder of the
Shepherd king dynasty where the invasion of Egypt by the Shepherd kings
was placed by Velikovsky during the Exodus when the calendar changed
from a 354 day calendar to a 360 day year calendar or a 6 day increase.
Moreover, only the 360 day calendar has a full 30 day month, which takes
the 365 day calendar out of the contest. Clearly, the mistake is not
with the 6 days in the record but with the number 365 which needs to be
360 for the calendar era. Previous to these changes 28 and 27 day counts
for the Moon were used while 26 day counts also exist. The Mayan
calendar used a 13 day count (half count) in its sacred calendar
calculations of a Venus year of 260 days while the origin of the day
count is based on an actual past Earth orbit.
P.
Bicknell indicates that the Moon did not disappear completely in the
first century of the Common Era. The minimum apparent diameter of the
Moon calculated by Ptolemy is so large that annular eclipses would be
impossible. The ancient Babylonian records indicate a closer track and
orbit of the Moon in the past while the Sun maybe shrinking in size. In
Henry III 35th year the records state `On the 13th day of March, the New
Moon was seen, where as the prime change by natural course should not
have been till the 15th day following; and for the space of 15 days that
then the next ensued, the sun, the moon, and stars appeared of a red
color' [14]. Drought was the outcome when the New Moon occurred 2 days
earlier than expected. However, astronomical retro-calculation of a
March New Moon in 1252 is March 11th 22:57 UTC and not the 15th or the
16th day, which hours in the day were very near the 17th day that the
1580 edition of the chronicle used. Also on record for the 36th year of
Henry III "About the beginning of Lent, the new moon was seen four days
before it ought to have appeared by her due and common course" [15].
Lent started on March 2nd in the year 1253. However, astronomical
retro-calculation for a new moon is March 1st for that year. In both
cases the Moon came back to its previous course. However, the Moon
phases make no sense even when the chronology is shifted one year closer
to our time. With a sync of 1254 CE for the 36th year of Henry III the
New Moon occurred on the 7th of March, which makes sense with the Lent
date and data. However, the astronomical retro-calculation for the year
1254 is March 20th 10:57 UTC. In 1326 CE the vernal equinox occurred on
March 17th and not the 18th. After this event occurred, the Russian
Nicephorus Gregoras proposed a new calendar reform.
Uniformitarian’s
have some bleak choices. In the case of the AD 1252 record date the
astronomical retro-calculation of a New Moon on March 11th, the stated
early March 13th occurrence, the expected date and non-occurrence on the
15th, or agree that the year sync is off by one year too far with a New
Moon occurrence that by today's astronomical retro-calculation switches
New and Full Moon phase positions. Of course, they will choose none and
go back to sleep.
The
detailed astronomical records of ancient Babylon of the 3rd thru 1st
centuries BCE, which include eclipses that calculate the Moons period at
a second less per day than today's value. However, an actual Julian
astronomical year of 365.25 days for a year compared to today's value of
365.24219 days represents a second of time increase for a daily slower
rotation or a 6 minute per year decrease. This counterbalances
Hipparchus of Nicaea measurement of Earth’s year being 6 minutes 15
seconds greater from today's value. The so called mistakes cancel each
other out. If the orbital period for the Earth and Moon remained
constant, changes in the rotation rate would produce different `day'
counts for a year and Moon cycle. The ancient astronomical Babylon
records of eclipses of the 3rd thru 1st centuries BCE only fit properly
within the context of an actual astronomical 366.25 `days' per orbit.
The extra day is uncounted in the calendar by the Earth going back
around the Sun once per orbit. Ptolemy's Almagest systematic `error' was
20' while Ulugh Beg was 10'. Astronomical retro-calculations generate
these `errors' since they do not `fit' expected values. However, when
all the different values of the past measurements are back calculated
all the way to Ptolemy's numbers, they fit to the very last decimal.
This means they are not observational errors but actual values.
Observational errors would not be systematic all going in one direction
nor fit together going backwards in time in a coherent manner as they in
fact do.
Antoninus
Pius issued coins with New Age Era symbols in his 2nd year (143 CE) and
6th year (147 CE). The 2nd year coins celebrate the ancient Sothic Era
starting from the Deluge 36,500 years previously (36,358 BCE) while his
6th year coins celebrate a new Sothis Era 500th year (353 BCE) from his
own age [16]. This new Sothic era was begun after 36 thousand years had
passed since the Deluge. In the book "Sun, Moon, and Sothis", by Lynn
Rose, page 100, Rose deconstructs Theon's Annotator with six errors;
1st, Thoth 1 plus 329 days equals Epeiphi 30 and not 29 as given; 2nd,
the number 21 is never explained; 3rd, add 5 is never explained; 4th,
the year 384 is made a premise when there is no need to; 5th, output
restricted to year 384 when it is true for any year; and 6th, triennia
overlooked. Rose also made the interesting comment that the annotator
may not have understood the system he himself was writing about.
However, if points 1, 4, and 5 are generally correct in principle, then
Antoninus Pius reset Thoth 2 as Thoth 1 in his 2nd year (143 CE) at the
end of the ancient Egyptian Sothis Era in order to make a New Sothis Age
to begin on Thoth 1. With two Thoth 1's and counting from the first
Thoth 1 makes points 1, 4, and 5 correct except that the premise and
restriction to a single year is correct for the 2nd year (143 CE) of
Antoninus Pius and not year 388 CE. This would also explain why the
Almagest star catalogue that is calculated using the Egyptian calendar
dating system without the new Antoninus' "1st Thoth" Age seems to be a
day off. The plain statements of Ptolemy that he made his own star
observations are true. The star data of Hipparchus of 3 centuries
earlier equaling a day of precession difference were not used.
Universa
Terra is a term denoting a total eclipse of the Sun that can be viewed
at the same moment anywhere on the Earth (Sun side). However, the Moon
is incapable of such a phenomenon. The Moons direct shadow on Earth can
project only a small 100 km (67 mile) wide trail with a total eclipse
trail on Earth's surface of 300 km (200 mile) wide trail to view
totality at different and short time intervals around the globe. The
Moon while in front of the Sun during a total solar eclipse cannot be
viewed to be a total eclipse globally. The view is only partial outside
the width of the 200 mile wide central trail. The question is how could
such a concept ever come about? It could not unless there was another
body with an intersecting orbit with the Earth getting in front of the
Sun relative to the Earth. Records of eyewitness accounts do in fact
exist of such phenomena. January 26th, 1153 CE the Sun was eclipsed when
the Moon was outside the Sun. June 23rd, 1191 CE a solar eclipse on the
17th day of the Moon (only a New Moon [29th-1st day] can eclipse the
Sun). Documents give a solar eclipse to have occurred on August 2, 1333
the 17th day of the Moon. However, historians want to change the age of
the Moon entry from the 17th day to a more `reasonable' 27th as if that
could make it work. However, 2 days before a New Moon is no better in
all practical terms than a 2 days after a Full Moon (15th day) in the
document 17th. Moreover, the astronomical retro-calculation for the
Moons age count on August 2nd is day 21, which makes astronomers take a
retro-calculated May 14 eclipse for 1333. Not even the month in the
document is to be used. However, there are direct observations of
celestial bodies near the Earth. Worcester source; December 2, 1205 two
Full Moons were observed during the day while a Florence source gives 2
moons being observed on May 8, 1285. A most interesting entry comes from
the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for year 1106: "Thursday before Easter when
two full moons came into view before day, one in the east, and another
in the west". However, by far the most interesting account is the
Passion eclipse. The whole world was darkened for 3 hours from the 6th
hour (12 noon) to the 9th hour (3 PM) ending with an earthquake. Later
that same day before sunset the Moon at moonrise was already in lunar
eclipse (blood Moon) as can occur on Passover because its date
calculation formula is determined by a Full Moon phase, which makes the
darkening of the Sun by the Moon impossible. This eclipse of the Sun
occurred in the 19th year of Tiberius March 22nd (37 CE). Eusebius
quoting Phlegon verbatim: "...a great eclipse of the sun occurred at the
sixth hour that excelled every other before it, turning the day into
such darkness of night that the stars could be seen in heaven, and the
earth moved in Bithynia, toppling many buildings in the city of Nicaea."
Tertullian also called the darkness a cosmic event covering the whole
world that darkened Rome, Athens, and many other cities in the
Mediterranean. Syncellus quoting Africanus; "after the most dreadful
darkness fell over the whole world, the rocks were torn apart by an
earthquake and much of Judea and the rest of the land was torn down.
Thallus calls this darkness an eclipse of the Sun in the third book of
his Histories". Many authors rightly called into question the conjecture
of Thallus because the Moon could not possibly be the cause of a solar
eclipse as it was in lunar eclipse later the same day. They understood
that the Moon was not the cause. Africanus quoting Phlegon: "in the time
of Tiberius Caesar, during the full moon, a full eclipse of the sun
happened, from the sixth hour until the ninth." A period of 29 years
previous to this solar eclipse Josephus wrote of the only eclipse
(lunar) of his work, which occurred in year 8 of the Common Era on March
10th Julian 10:21 PM Jerusalem for an hour. Within a year's time of the
eclipse King Herod killed himself (index 1 proof 2). Thirty-one years
previous to that lunar eclipse an earthquake of extraordinary magnitude
occurred in the 7th year (24 BCE) of King Herod. Comets and day stars
are phenomena connected with earthquakes and other catastrophes by the
ancients. Josephus states that all ancient authority is in agreement
that the death of Alexander the Great occurred in 13 Pharmuthi the 114th
Olympic or 324 BCE June 22nd Julian. Astronomical retro-calculation
does not calculate any eclipse in the year 324 BCE. However, the actual
statements are not what anyone sensible would describe as an eclipse for
it was the sighting of a day star and the movement of a statue as the
omen of the passing of Alexander (III). Moreover, the traditional Era of
Alexander (IV) his son is 324 BCE.
There
are in spots extremely rich historical records of the effects of Earth
encounters such as in the Mahabharata (M.B. 5.141.7-10) were Karna
states: "That fierce planet of great effluence, Saturn, is oppressing
the naksatra of Prajapti 10, in order to greatly afflict the creatures
of the earth. The planet Mars, O slayer of Madhu, with its crooked
(retrograde) motion in Jyestha, approaches Anuradha indicating a great
slaughter of friends. Without doubt, O Krsna, a terrible calamity
approaches the Kurus when specially, O thou of Vrsni race, as a planet
is afflicting Citra. The spot on the lunar disc has changed its
position; and Rahu approaches towards the Sun 11. Meteors are falling
from the sky with trembling motion and loud noise." [17]
Footnote
10 naksatra Citra was known as Prajapti in ancient India (Richard H.
Allen, "Star names, their lore and meaning", (New York, 1963) page 181.
Footnote 11 Rahu is a node of the Moon (solar eclipses).
In
(M.B. 6.2.22 thru 6.3.27) Vyasa states: "I have observed this all the
time (these days) that the Sun, the Moon and the Stars are all ablaze.
All this forebodes (our) great ruin. On the full moon day of the month
Kartika the Moon, having lost its splendor, turned red along with the
sky and then became invisible 13. (These days) the planet Saturn
oppresses Rohini (Aldebaran or Antares). The sign of the deer on the
Moon has moved from its usual place. Rahu (Lunar node) constantly
eclipses the Sun. The white planet (Venus) after passing over the Citra
(Spica) stays there 14 ... A fierce comet is afflicting the naksatra
Pusya. The fiery bodied (Mars) is retrograde in the star group Maghas
and Jupiter in the naksatra Sravana. The Sun's offspring (Saturn) is
attacking the naksatra Bhagam (the Moon) 15. Venus ascending toward the
naksatra Purva Bhadrapada, shines brilliantly, and is wheeling towards
the naksatra Uttara Bhadrapada. The dark planet blazing like fire ...
having attacked the naksatra Jyestha (Antares), stays there ... 16 A
fierce planet, Venus (?) has come between Citra (Spica) and Svati
(Arcturus). 17 Dhruva (the north star) shining fearfully has moved to
south. The ruddy planet (Mars), having covered the constellation
Brahmarasi, ... with its uneven motion, overpowers the naksatra Sravana.
18 The two blazing planets, Jupiter and Saturn both, have stayed for
one whole year near naksatra Visakha ... The planet Mercury sets with a
terrible appearance indicating fearful happenings ahead."
Footnote
13 Lunar eclipse and in the month of Kartika, the Moon at full is in
the naksatra Krutika, which means the Sun is in naksatra Anuradha.
Footnote 14 Some translators interpret white planet as Ketu the other
node of the Moon. Footnote 15 "bhagam" means Moon while some versions
use "bhagyam", which some interpret as naksatra Purva Phalguni. Footnote
16 dark planet, syamo grahah was given as white planet sveto grahah
because Venus is in naksatra Cirta (Spica). Footnote 17 Fierce planet is
not understood. Footnote 18 constellation Brahmarasi is not understood.
Vyasa
states (M.B. 6.3.28-29): "An amavasya (new moon) [usually] falls on
caturdasi (14th day), pancadasi (15th day), and in the past [it has
fallen] even on sodasi (16th day) [after a full moon]. But this I have
not known that an amavasya [can also] fall on trayodasi [an interval of
13 days from a full moon], ie on an aparvan, [improper day] The Moon and
the Sun have been eclipsed in one month at an interval of 13 days.
These two celestial bodies [therefore] will destroy the populace."
Sanjaya
states (M.B. 6.17.2): "the Moon was in naksatra Magha, and the seven
great planets began to shine like fire in the sky."
In
M.B. 8.68.49: "Your majesty! [the king Dhrtarastra] at the death of
Karna, the rivers stopped flowing, the Sun turned dark and set (in the
west). The son of Yama (Mercury), with its color of fire, appeared (in
the sky). The mountains with forests upon them began to tremble, and the
creatures of the world became (terribly) upset. Jupiter, shinning like
the Sun and Moon, arose oppressing the naksatra Rohini."
Death
of Duryodhana (M.B. 9.55.10): "The Rahu, in spite of it being an
aparvan (improper day), attacked the Sun. The earth with its trees and
forests began to tremble."
Bhisma
remarks (M.B. 13.153.26-28): "By good fortune, O son of Kunti,
Yudhisthira!, you have come here with all your councilors. The
thousand-rayed lord, the Sun, has resumed its northerly course. I have
been lying on my bed of arrows here for 58 nights. Stretched on these
sharp-pointed arrows I have felt this period to be as if it were a
century. O Yudhisthira, this auspicious month has come. This is a bright
paksa, and three-fourth part of it [the month] is still to go
(according to my reckoning)."
21 Footnote 21 "The auspicious month of Magha has arrived, O Yudhisthira."
Now,
the interpretations presented by the translators of the Mahabharata are
colored by their beliefs that what was observed was normal and only
include the `seven' planets, which include the Sun and Moon in that
total. However, the solar system was ablaze, which is hardly the norm.
Moreover, the regular sight of the planets was altered. Under these
conditions could anyone be sure a planet was that planet?
Karna
said Saturn was in Prajapti, which is 14th naksatra Chitra. Vyasa
states that Saturn arose in 4th naksatra Rohini and that Jupiter was in
22nd naksatra Sravana. Sanjaya states Jupiter arose shining like the Sun
in 4th naksatra Rohini. However, later both Jupiter and Saturn was said
to be in 16th naksatra Vishakha for the entire year. Now, it is
possible for Saturn to be in only one sign for a year as it travels
about 12 degrees per year and each star position sign is 13 1/3 degrees
(1/27th). This is not true for Jupiter, which travels twice that at
around 24 degree distance per present Earth year. However, what was not
observable previously was easily seen since the whole solar system was
ablaze and the two bodies in Visakha were most likely Neptune and
Uranus. Easier to know would be Mercury and Venus as they would have to
be close to the Sun, which was in 17th naksatra Anuradha when the Full
Moon was in 3rd naksatra Krutika during the month of Kartika. Three
months later the Suns position was 19th naksatra Jyestha. Mercury set
while it and the sky became the color of fire. Venus called a planet by
Karna and white planet and fierce planet by Vyasa in between the 14th
naksatra Chitra (Spica) and (15th) naksatra Svati {Swati}. Fierce bodied
(Mars) was in 10th naksatra Magha. Jupiter and ruddy planet in 22nd
naksatra Sravana. That covers the 5 planets Mercury, Venus, Mars,
Jupiter, and Saturn. However, that leaves body Y near the Earth called
Mars by Karna and a dark planet by Vyasa in 19th naksatra Jyestha.
During the Trojan War (747 BCE) the ancients called Titan Venus and Y
Mars in the epic. This leaves Vyasa's Venus as Saturn in between 25th
Purva Bhadrapada and 26th Uttara Bhadrapada, the Suns offspring and
Bhagam as Y, and the Moon with an altered position of its face towards
the Earth. Of course, if Bhagam was Bhagyam then the Suns offspring
could be another body entirely. Titan, Pluto, and Ceres come to mind
while the comet could also be one of these bodies as even Titan was seen
as Venus like. Venus in tradition is called the one with the long
flowing hair (comet tail).
A fierce comet was in the 8th star position of the naksatra Pusya.
Rahu
(solar) and Ketu (lunar) as the two nodes of the Moon interpretation
have to be questioned for unconventional eclipses. It makes more sense
that the shadows projected on the Earth, Sun, and Moon were from
different bodies and not the position of the Moon. Rahu constantly
eclipsing the Sun makes it clear that the shadow on the Sun is not from
the Moon. It came from a completely different body. Of course, the 2
eclipses of the New and Full Moon that occurred in 13 days was caused by
the Moon showing that a disturbance had occurred in the Moons orbit.
However, the Moons topography positional alteration was rejected out of
hand by the translators while the term Ketu is not used in the
Mahabharata on sections of astronomical positions so the desire to use
it for dark planet is imprudent. How can a limited shadow of the Earth
be projected onto an outside star position?
Body Position Most likely
In Karna:
Saturn Prajapti = Chitra Venus
Mars Jyestha Y
Planet Citra Venus
Rahu (approaches) Sun Y
In Vyasa:
Full Moon Krutika Moon
Saturn Rohini Titan
Rahu Sun Y
White planet Citra Venus
Fierce comet Pusya comet
Fierce bodied (Mars) Magha (R) Mars
Jupiter Sravana Jupiter
Suns offspring (Saturn) Bhagam (Moon) Y or Moon
Suns offspring Bhagyam (Purva Phalguni) Saturn
Venus between Purva + Uttara Bhadrapada Saturn
Dark planet Jyestha Y
Fierce planet {Venus (?)} Citra Venus
Dhruva (north star) Pole Star (going south) Regulus
Ruddy planet (Mars) Sravana Jupiter
Jupiter & Saturn Visakha Uranus & Neptune
Mercury (setting) Sun Mercury
In Sanjaya:
Moon Magha Moon
Son of Yama (Mercury) AROSE in the sky both color of fire Y
Jupiter Rohini Titan
Rahu (attacking) Sun Y
This
brings into question the labeling of solar eclipses as legendary such
as those that occurred at the founding of Rome (747 BCE) and fall
(1163rd year or 410 CE) eclipses. Such records are no different than all
the other eclipse records and came to be labeled legendary in only
modern times when astronomical retro-calculations indicated they could
not find `fits'. Obviously, the Moon cannot be the only consideration
for when the Sun was eclipsed. Ancient records rarely mention lunar and
solar eclipses because they were predictable. Predicted events only ever
became important when they became associated with battles or other
important historical events. Unless eclipses came on unexpectedly they
would not be remarked upon except by temporary records. Thales eclipse
was remarked on because he was the only one to predict it. Such events
of darkening the Sun were not solar eclipses caused by the Moons
placement because astrologers commonly calculated the date of all
occurrences. After changes in the Heavenly order, the failure of
previous successful methods of calculation and prediction were remarked
upon. Most of the ancient records we have about eclipses are unexpected
appearances and failures to occur after prediction by previous
successful methods of calculation.
Over
fifty-one centuries ago comets brighter than the Sun became a common
phenomenon. These observations decreased over time both in magnitude of
brightness and duration steadily. However, it still flared brightly at
intervals even into the Common Era. During August 1348 after Vespers in
Paris late in the day before the Sun set there was observed a spherical
red celestial body later called the Black Comet. It was not high but
seemed near. As the Sun set the big and very bright star appeared to
stay in one place. At sunset the star sent out many separate beams of
light over Paris and then vanished totally: There one minute, gone the next. This occurred soon before the coming of the bubonic plague or black death [18].
References
1 Charles B. Raspil, Planetary Observations of the Tang Dynasty, C&CR, 1996:2, page 16-22.
2 Dwardu, "Velikovsky's Martian Catastrophes," AEON II:3 (January 1991), pp. 39 ff.
3 Aristotle, Hist. an.vi.20, 574 a26.
4 A. Jeremias, Das Alter der babyloniskhen Astronomie, (2nd ed., 1909), page 58 ff.
5 Plutarch, Lives, "The Life of Numa" (translation B. Perrin).
6 Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (English translation R.D. Hicks, 1925).
7 S. Sharpe, The Decree of Canopus (1870).
8 Edouard Biot, Catalogue general des etoiles filantes et des autres meterores observes en Chine apres le VII siecle avant J.C., Paris, 1846.
9 L. Borchardt, Quellen, II, 33, note.
10 Virendra N. Sharma, "On Astronomical References in the Mahabharata - An exercise in Archaeoastronomy", New Delhi, Purana Vol. XLVI, No. 2, July 2004, M.B. 6.3.28-29; Atharvaveda in the 4th Vedas 19.7.1; and R. Thompson, "The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon in the British Museum", (London, 1900) Vol. II, page xliii
11 D.N. Uspenskij, "Problems of Orthodox Theology in the modern life of the Church", J. of Moscow Patriarchy, 9(1962), pp. 64-70 (in Russian).
12 Gold T, 1955, Nature 175, pages 526-9.
13 Fr. 49 from the Scholia to Plato - page 99, Manetho (Loeb classic library).
14 Holinshed, "Holinshed Chronicles", vol. 2, London, 1808, page 424. Also online at the Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image at the Furness Collection: Folio DA 130 H7 1587, Holinshed, "The Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland", page 245 section 30, Printed by Henry Denham.
15 Ibid., page 427. Page 247 section 40 for the online chronicle.
16 Lynn Rose, "Sun, Moon, and Sothis", 1999, page 102.
17 Virendra H. Sharma, "On Astronomical References in the Mahabharata - An Exercise in Archaeoastronomy", New Delhi, Purana Vol. XLVI., No. 2; July, 2004, M.B. 5.141.7-10.
18 Richard A. Newhall, ed., Jean Birdsall, trans., "The Chronicle of Jean de Venette", (New York: Columbia University Press, 1953), pages 48-51.
* Immanuel Velikovsky, "Worlds in Collision", 1950, New York.
Astronomical Dating: Moon phase syncs
Traditional
chronology places the fall of Constantinople within the reign of pope
Callistus III (1455-1458 CE). The great comet of June 9th, 1456 CE was
widely blamed for the Turk invasion. Since the fall of Constantinople is
known to have occurred on May 29, the year the city fell was 1457 CE.
Critoboulos states Mehmed (II) the Conqueror repopulated Constantinople
right after his army sacked it, as Islamic law requires, by giving house
grants to his army soldiers and even Christians so they would make the
city prosper again before he left the city [1]. In the archives of
Topkapi Sarayi house grants from Istanbul were found and a search for
the oldest house grant was made with the resulting date of Ramadan 861
or July 1457 CE [2]. Directly after taking the city of cities Mehmed II
founded Sarajevo as a strategic trading center because of its favorable
geographical position. Sarajevo was founded in 1457 CE.
Byzantine
records of Moon phases when compared to astronomical retro-calculations
place the last year of the empire in 1456 CE and later at 1453 CE.
These placements are deemed necessary because the traditional end at
1457 CE does not give expected results for the phase of the Moon cycle
in the records. However, there is no reason to question list of kings,
popes, or reign lengths for the historic period in question.
Conventional astronomical assumptions take a known history of Sarajevo
built directly after the sack of Constantinople and twist it so that an
Islamic king waited 4 years to begin rebuilding the city of cities.
However, no Islamic king would have done so because it directly opposes
Islamic law they are sworn to uphold in the rebuild a city after taking
it. Chronologists using astronomical principles have taken all liberty
with no independent or historical justification in placing the entire
framework of historic chronology on an arbitrary synchronization because
it best matches mathematical astronomical retro-calculated values.
However, the `match' achieved is still off by a day or two while at the
same time popular articles constantly tell the public historical
astronomical matching is within an hour.
Cycles
T and Y independently place Roman chronology on their traditional
placements four years closer to our time ending at 1457 CE. However, the
Moon phase records for the year Constantinople fell compared to the
astronomical retro-calculations are as far apart from each other as it
is possible to be in that Full Moon and New Moons switched phase
positions. Traditional Roman chronology was given a known possible error
of one year as did the English, Babylonian, Chinese, and others so the
year ending date for the Byzantine Empire had been placed at 1456 CE.
The syncs of the two systems of 1456 CE and 1453 CE result in about 2
1/2 day difference from each other in Moon phase compared to
retro-calculation. However, this has no impact in what kind of
disruption would be needed to change the Moons orbital placement
(phases) about the Earth by half the Moon’s phase cycle. Only a
significant extraterrestrial celestial body could perform the task. The
question becomes when did this occur?
Kepler
on the authority of Gemma states that in 1547 April 23-25 the Sun was
darkened to a suffused red and stars were seen at noon. In late May of
1547 an unusual plague in England began. Modern values of today's
eclipse parameters of the Moon begin after the demarcation (R. R.
Newton, _The Moon's Acceleration_). Since the year 1457 CE for the end
of the Byzantine Empire is correct, the question is what would be the
overall impact of resynchronizations for Moon phases be for the
different year endings of the empire from AD 1456, AD 1453, and an 8
year difference at AD 1449.
Matching
astronomical retro-calculated New Moon and Age of the Moon (zero days)
for different years at both same Moon phase and same calendar dates.
1457 January 25th 18:51 hours UTC Moon Age 00 days 00 hours 00 minutes
1456 January 7th 16:47 hours UTC Moon Age 00 days 00 hours 00 minutes
1456 January 25th 18:51 hours UTC Moon Age 17 days 10 hours 49 minutes
1453 January 10th 00:59 hours UTC Moon Age 00 days 00 hours 00 minutes
1453 January 25th 18:51 hours UTC Moon Age 15 days 12 hours 50 minutes
1450 January 14th 00:18 hours UTC Moon Age 00 days 00 hours 00 minutes
1450 January 25th 18:51 hours UTC Moon Age 11 days 18 hours 12 minutes
1449 January 24th 11:32 hours UTC Moon Age 00 days 00 hours 00 minutes
1449 January 25th 18:51 hours UTC Moon Age 1 day 12 hours 22 minutes
1448 January 6th 09:17 hours UTC Moon Age 00 days 00 hours 00 minutes
1448 January 25th 18:51 hours UTC Moon Age 18 days 5 hours 35 minutes
New Moon same date differences between years 1457, 1456, 1453, 1450, 1449, & 1448 with differences between annual January New Moons at zero and January 25th phases.
1457 & 1456 Dif: Jan 25th 17:10:49 Days off Full Moon + 2:16:24
1457 & 1453 Dif: Jan 25th 15:12:50 Days off Full Moon + 0:18:25
1457 & 1450 Dif: Jan 25th 11:18:12 Days off Full Moon - 2:23:47
1457 & 1449 Dif: Jan 25th 1:12:22 Days off Full Moon - 13:06:03
1457 & 1448 Dif: Jan 25th 18:05:35 Days off Full Moon + 3:13:10
These
ratio patterns hold true for Moon phase cycles for same calendar dates
or Age of the Moon syncs one year difference are more than 12 days in
difference (New Moon = 29 days 12 hours 49 minutes - plus 1 minute = 0
days Age of the Moon). A New Moon minus 17:10:49 equals 12 days 2 hours
for a year difference between the same calendar dates. There is a plus
14 day difference between same dates in phase cycles 4 years apart and
over a day and a half difference between same Moon phase cycles 8 years
apart. The ancient Irish chronology sync is 8 years too distant from our
time. William the Conqueror won England in 1067 CE. This year date was
accepted and used in traditional chronology which is a year closer to
our time than the present conventional placement. The Roman chronology
at 4 years displaced has almost the same Moon phase sync difference as
the single year too early sync for the British king list, which makes
the Moon phase cycles of New and Full Moons nearly switched positions
from today's astronomical retro-calculated phases for the Moon. In
trying to get the Roman system to match the Olympiad system 4 years
displacement was used despite its impossibility because Pope Callistus
III who had the churches bells ring during the siege of the city did not
begin his reign until 1455. Additional false consuls in the Roman
system in the present sync at AD 78 and AD 43 narrow the difference
between the two systems to within 2 years in matching the known wrong
Olympiad count sync while the 1st century BCE Roman era is a period of
unsure chronological structure so that jiggering the two together to
match might not seem to be completely unreasonable. In the British
chronology an actual single year covers a period of 2 years. Since
disturbing events with early New Moons occurred in British chronology in
the chronicles using the sync of 1066 at years AD 1252 and AD 1253 for
an average Y cycle (1255 CE) event date, an additional year is
in-between these two points of AD 1253 and the demarcation of 1547 CE.
An extra year could be had by counting the 2nd reign of Henry VI as
non-contemporaneously.
While specialists used Anno Domini (AD) dating around the 8th century most documents still used king reign dating to the 11th century. Most Common Era dated documents we have before the mid-16th century demarcation are latter compilations and not contemporary documents. As expected publications after this demarcation repositioned old document reign years to fit the new parameters of the Moons new retro-calculated past positions while old documents that had disagreements were allowed to perish or were purposefully destroyed. The same thing occurred after the Damaskine palm reform in the Easter tables of AD 743 that changed the old values of 365.25 days as an actual astronomical year and 29.530851days for a month, which had been successful in calculating future and past eclipses, with today's values of the astronomical year (365.24219) and month (29.530588). The eclipse records of the first three ancient Chinese dynasties are not reliable for the purposes of chronology (Stephenson 2008) by today's values of the Moons motion. Chinese historians later created dynastic placements based on eclipses starting with Confucius for the Spring & Autumn Period. However, the traditional placement for the end of the Yellow Emperor at 2598 BCE by Sima Qian (192 BCE) is sufficient to pin all the dynasties down to the Han. The placement by Confucius a century closer to our time than Sima Qian and its acceptance required compacting the 3 Kingdom Period to be shorter by a century. However, astronomical recalculations do not match Confucius' synchronization, which are now placed one year off his placement. Confucius’ placement of the Spring & Autumn Annals a century closer to our time than tradition also pushes the Warring States, Quin, and Han dynasties closer. The known placement of Common Era dynasties squeezes the 3 Kingdoms together into 7 decades. Confucius’ placements made it necessary to "harmonize" the eclipse records. The place of observation and sundial hours (equinoctial) and or water clock timings that the eclipses generated and recorded were dropped because that data could not be made to fit the new harmonized system.
Again,
the question becomes when did this event occur? At the start of the 8th
century of the Common Era there occurred the greatest tectonic event of
the Common Era on the Earth. Is it a coincidence that the Moons orbit
also changed after this geological event? Just when the Moons orbit of
its second derivative D" changes a complete order is when the Damaskine
palm reform was done afterwards giving the Moon a new ratio of days for
month and year count. Moreover, the geophysical number of ergs for the
polar shift and uplift that occurred is given the parameters of a high
of 2.9 X 10^19 ergs per second. Flandern gives what was needed to
perform the task that occurred at 6.7 X 10^19 ergs per second. No
geological Earth only theory can account for this factual event itself.
Astronomers
use circular logic in stating that retro-calculations of the eclipse
pattern in Chinese BCE dynasties represent a proof of dynastic placement
to the timeline which are closer to us by 101 years. The systems
represent merely a proof of past computational method. Moreover,
Confucius has the emperor reign sync dates one year different than what
is calculated by retro-calculations effectively switching New and Full
Moon phases. While it is commonly stated as fact that the 6th century
BCE astronomical diaries of the Neo Babylonian dynasty and the 3rd to
1st century BCE Babylonian astronomical records represent a 1 to a
million chance of fitting, the records have many wildly off data points
that are not due to copying or observational errors. Moreover, Fomenko, a
mathematician, proved that the retro-calculated positions of all these
astronomical records find better fits in eras hundreds of years much
closer to our time than traditionally given. The Neo Babylonian dynasty
is within its correct century. However, it is off by a whole eclipse
cycle too close to our time. The 3rd to 1st century BCE Babylonian
astronomical eclipse records better fit values for a Moon month that is
calculated by an astronomical year of 365.25 days, which represents a
day that is 1-3 seconds less than today's value (with the orbit of the
Earth and Moon taken to be the same from the Exodus onwards). However,
the ratios varied making days in a year and month change from era to era
with daily rotation stable so orbit is indicated.
R.
R. Newton gives the Moons motion for value D" around the base line of
zero for AD 300-400 in deviation. However, the value falls sharply from
AD 400-600 and begins to square the wave in the graph in AD 500. By AD
800 the value changes sign and around AD 1000 ends the square of the
wave on the graph. The gap in the graph between AD 700 and 900 lead to
the invention of non-gravitational forces which is an irrational
concept.
Fomenko
takes the opposite tack and finds the best fits of the records to the
astronomical retro-calculation. Fomenko moves whole dynasties 333 years,
960 years, 1053 years, 1275 years, and 1778 years closer to our time.
So much for 1 in a million fit statements. Moreover, the records bear
witness to systematic `errors', which means they are not errors at all
but changes in past values of the Moon as determined by a different
rotation rate for the month and year of Earth. Statements by astronomers
that historical records of the heavenly bodies' fit astronomical
retro-calculated positions fail to understand that the ancient
computations determined the construction of the chronology. The
chronology of Ptolemy of the Neon Babylon dynasty is 18 years late or by
one full eclipse cycle. The dynasties of China and their yearly records
of eclipse may be untouched. However, computations by past historians
determined the structural placements of the dynasties. Despite this it
still might be possible to reconstruct past values and model the motion
of the heavenly bodies of the past by the sparse records we have. To
switch the New and Full phases of the Moon to fit past records to a new
order Ptolemy's Cannon made the Babylonian Era of 747 BCE start at 746
BCE. The previous end of the Byzantine Empire was given as 1456 when it
was clearly known to be 1457 in order to fit the new order of 1547 for
the Moon's phases in past records. The Irish chronicle is 8 years out of
sync too early matching the Olympiad count using 4 year intervals
between all counts, which were known to be 8 years between events at the
start (3). If the first 3 Olympiads were 8 years apart, a false 4 year
count for all of them would make the synchronization 8 years too early.
Irish chronology in using the tradition event that killed most of the
people on the Island to 1530 Oct 31st BCE agrees with traditional Roman
syncs. By this we can understand a false 7 year interregnum period given
after the deadly event as a device to produce the same effect as being 1
year off as 1456 and 1066 are. The effort to synchronize Olympiad,
Irish, and Roman chronologies and match retro-calculated Moon phases
using known false principles took them off the clear path the ancients
gave us that places the end of the Byzantine Empire at 1457 CE, the 5th
year of Justinian at 535 CE, 1163rd year of Rome at 410 CE, the 2nd year
of Antoninus Pius at 143 CE giving the record date of the Deluge as
36358 BCE, and the 42nd year of Augustus at year 4 of the Common Era as
the year Jesus was born.
Most
historical eclipse data only tells that they occurred during the reign
of a king often not even giving the year of occurrence. The `matching
game' fitting eclipses to placements is exactly that just a game. The
1333 eclipse document gives the Moons age at 17 days on August 2nd. A
problem for this is that lunar eclipses occur when the Moons Age is on
average 14 days 18 hours. Lunar eclipses occur on average on day 14 or
15. However, this was a solar eclipse. Solar eclipses by the Moon can
only occur on a New Moon when the Age of the Moon is zero days (Moon Age
of 29 days 12 hours plus). With this difficulty in mind historians have
suggested that the number 17 in the document is a scribal error for 27.
However, the Moon did not cause this solar eclipse. What we have left
is a document that gives a clear full date and Moon Age that historians
want to change by half the Moon's phase cycle. Star and planet charts
painted on the walls and ceiling of Villa Chigi known today as Villa
Farnesian (Rome) on the Tiber river calculate a date of 1466 November
29/30. Fortunately, a researcher found the birth certificate in the
baptistery archive of Siena for Mariano Chigi's son Agostino for 1466
November 29th on the 21 1/2 hour. The crescent Moon is pictured between
the horns of the bull with the crab on the other side, which places the
Moon in the 3rd sign of Gemini (between Taurus the bull and Cancer the
crab). However, by astronomical retro-calculation the Moon on this date
is supposed to be nearly half way around the astrological (animal)
circle in the 7th sign of Libra. Documents before 1547 CE April 23rd
indicate the phase of the Moon to be off by half the Moons phase cycle
compared to today's astronomical retro-calculated Moon phases. The natal
chart of the great chronologist Joseph Justus Scaliger of 1540 August
4th 13 1/2 hours after the noon hour Greenwich Time has the Moon at 25
degrees 43 minutes in the 7th sign of Libra [4], which is off from the
astronomical retro-calculated position of over 27 degrees in the 6th
sign of Virgo for the Moon or more than 2 days further along in its
path. The symbol of the Moon (backward capital C) is at the lower right
hand corner and in the house of Libra with Mars below in Scorpio. The
natal chart is also on the cover of the book in gold leaf. Interestingly
this matches the expected placement of the New Moon coming sooner on
the 13th but expected on the 15th in the British chronicle year of AD
1252.
Is
man able to forget significant changes in the Heavenly order during
modern history and be unwilling to acknowledge and remark upon them?
Switched full and new Moon phase positional counts of the mid-16th
century indicate a disturbance of the Moons orbit and a very quick
recovery of the Moons average distance and period in the range of days.
Only a significant extraterrestrial body and a far different gravity
function can explain these facts. The lack of topographical Moon maps
before the demarcation is expected by the inability of mankind to deal
properly with these realities. A topographical Moon map was surely done
by Ptolemy and other ancients. However, we cannot expect to find these
so period paintings that include Moon scenes and any repainting to
`repair' them should be examined for evidence of past Moon topography.
References
1
_The Policy of Mehmed II Toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and
the Byzantine Buildings of the City_, Halil Inalicik, in Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, vol. 23-25 (1969-1970), pp 231-249.
2 Ibid.
3
E. N. Gardiner: Olympia (1925), page 71, Farnell: The Cults of the
Greek States, IV, 293; Frazer: The Dying God (1911), page 78.
4 _The Scaliger Collection_, Rijk Smitskamp, Smitskamp Oriental Antiquarium, 1993, ASIN B0000EB7AG, page 52 (horoscope).
Chronology Syncs: Traditional dates and logical outcomes
2012 Dec 21 Winter solstice - Mayan Era: Only era where ending was a known and calculations were done backwards from end point
2001 Jubilee year
1982 End of the 3 century industrial revolution and start of the 30 year information age
1957 Family structure comes apart from traditional male infidelity: children act out for lack of authentic unity
1948 Rebirth of Israel after 2500 years as predicted by Daniel
1755 Nov 1st 9:40 AM earthquake of Lisbon
1692 June 7th the Jamaica earthquake of Port Royal and tsunami at 11:43 AM
1682 End of 1200 year yuga cycle
1604 Kepler: Great conjunction cycle of 800 years occurs to Charlemagne's reign and again on year 4 the year Jesus was born
1577 The comet of 1577 measured to be a thousand miles wide not counting tail
1547 April 23-25 Kepler (Gemma) stars seen at noon 3 days of darkness - eclipses not firm before this demarcation
1457 May 29th Constantinople sacked - Founding of Sarajevo
1456 July comet observed during the siege of Belgrade before the fall of Constantinople
1455 Pope Callixtus III reigns and later issues papal bull to ring church bells at noon while Constantinople was being besieged
1067 April 24th; Senonesis: Comet in Taurus; moved to extreme Gemini - 1st year of Shen Tsung Sung - William invades England Sept 28
743 Damaken palm reform (new and different Moon count) - China changes past lunar & solar records to fit new model
702 Greatest 1st millennium geological event; landslide of arctic changes earth orbit - R.R. Newton's second derivative of D event
622 July 16 Islam Era
535 Worldwide event in the 5th year of Justinian (Baillie, Irish oak bog marker 536) - Antioch Great earthquake
410 1163rd year of Rome August 24th (Zosimus) Rome sacked in the 12th year of Honorius - solar eclipse on June 18
400 2nd year of Honorius; Marcellinus: Eclipse & earthquake - 5th year 8th month (intercalary) kuei-chou day; Chin Shu: heavens from SE roared
322 Council of Nicea 318 Bishops (Zosimus) (both numbers historically wrong but used to indicate the correct year of Jesus' birth 4 CE)
248 Millennial Games of Rome celebrated in July
143 2nd year of Antoninus Pius ending the 25 Sothic cycles from the Deluge - New Era Thoth 1 = old Thoth 2
37 Friday Nisan 11 (March 15th) 6 days before Passover on Thursday in the 19th year of Tiberius - Palm Sunday March 17th - Tuesday March 19th Last Supper - Good Friday March 22nd lunar & solar eclipse and earthquake - Resurrection on Sunday March 24th
33 September 14 in the 15th year of Tiberius Jesus is baptized by John the Baptist
8 Ethiopian Era - New calendar of 365 1/4 days with the first leap day in year 12 after an absence for 36 years
4 Jesus born Nisan 11th (March 19th) in the 42nd year of Augustus - Star of Bethlehem
2 BCE 752nd year of Rome [1] synchronizes: 5 year census cycle - 15 year Indiction cycle - Sabbath year
24 BCE Earthquake in the 7th year of Herod, which count starts from when he took Jerusalem - Battle of Actium Oct 2nd
30 BCE Herod takes Jerusalem just before the start of a Sabbath year
33 BCE Roman Senate gives Herod a crown
37 BCE Julian calendar reform a 365 1/3 day year
95 BCE Aristobulus 481 years after Era of Cyrus (II) the Great (the Urim Thummim stops giving off light)
122 BCE Greatest 1st millennium BCE irregular tree ring event
143 BCE Worldwide tree killing event
163 BCE 150th year SE a Sabbath year
168 BCE Jewish uprising in the 145th year SE and 153rd Olympiad [2] and 430 years from the sack of Jerusalem [3]
247 BCE Arsacid Era
312 BCE Seleucid Era
324 BCE Death of Alexander III the Great in the 114th Olympiad Pharmuthi 13 (June 22nd): Day star seen; Earth movement
354 BCE 400th year of Rome sacked in the 7th year of Belinus - New calendar year length of 365 1/4 days - Moon light intensity doubled and sun 7X [4]
504 BCE 250th year of Rome Feb 21st the founding of the Roman Republic - Battle of Marathon Sept 7th
534 BCE Founding of the 2nd Temple in the 9th year of Darius (II) the Great (Josephus)
553 BCE 3rd year of Cyrus II Babylon City Era (556 BCE) 2500 years (times, times and half a time [5] to 2nd founding of Israel
576 BCE Era of Cyrus II the Great and Persian Empire for 246 and 1/2 years - Ptolemy's Persian Era: 559 BC for 229 years
598 BCE Sack of Jerusalem on June 30th in the 22nd year of the New Era of Nabopolossar (620 BCE)
600 BCE Jubilee year start which ended (599 BCE) plus another year to the sack of Jerusalem
618 BCE Ramesses II stelae 400 year celebration of the founding of the New Kingdom of Egypt
620 BCE Fall of Assyria Abu 12 (May 24) sack of Haran a New Era of Nabopolossar - Josiah's death in Pharaoh Necho II 5th year
622 BCE March (13th) Sack of Nineveh in 7th year of Nabopolossar son Nebuchadnezzar II made king of Babylon - 13th year of Ching II: star
687 BCE March 23rd new calendar year length of 365 days in the days of Hezekiah and Numa - Sennacherib killed [6]
690 BCE The city of Gela founded by Antiphemos a veteran of the Trojan war and brother of Lacius founder of Phaselis [7]
702 BCE Invasion of Judah by Sennacherib king of Assyria in the 14th year of Hezekiah a Sabbath year near to a Jubilee year
715 BCE End of Ahaz - Dial of Ahaz - Romulus taken by a whirlwind June 5th in his 38th year
747 BCE Noon on February 26 Babylon Era of Nabonassar - Fall of Troy on same Thursday - Rome founded April 21st - Jotham began
753 BCE Roman Era (includes the first 6 years of co-rule by Remus & Romulus)
757 BCE Trojan 10 year war begins
776 BCE First Olympiad - Twins Remus & Romulus born - Jason kidnaps Helen at Thebes Egypt sacked by Suppiluliumas who dies by plague
808 BCE Hercules sacks Troy - Aeneas leaves Troy - Jason kidnaps Amazon princess in the 14th year of Amaziah
816 BCE Carthage founded (Afracanus) - Medes capital sacked by Suppiluliumas
838 BCE Shalmaneser III 6th (9th) year battle in mid reign of the king of Judah (Mesha stele)
868 BCE Assurnasirpal founds Calah in 1st year - Samaria founded in Omri mid reign - 3rd year of Yu: Thunder & lightning with no clouds in sky [8] - Worldwide tree killing event
898 BCE Invasion by Ethiopian army after Asa had ruled 10 years - End of Ea-gamel and sack of Babylon by Agum III and Mursilis
924 BCE represents the 5th year of Rehoboam (taking of Jerusalem and kingdom divided)
964 BCE represents 430 years before founding 2nd Temple in 534 BCE: end date also 70 years before 604 BCE the start of Nebuchadnezzar II
988 BCE Earthquake and founding of the 8th Babylonian dynasty - David's plague
1010 BCE Sothis on 9 Epifi 9th year of Amenhotep
1018 BCE New Kingdom of Egypt founded after 511 years of foreign domination - Death of Agag II (Amenrud) by Samuel after Saul had ruled 5 years
1060 BCE End of Tiglath-pileser; chaos - 1001 years after the famine of Ur of the Chaldees began with Abram leaving a year later in 2060 BCE
1078 BCE Comet seen and death of the king & 6 armies in 52nd year of Chao - Death of Eli when Samuel was 12 years old [9] and loss of Ark
1199 BCE June 8 Worldwide event - Kassite dynasty (576 3/4 years) begins - Gideon dies - 35th year of Dixin: Great famine [10] and start of the Wu dynasty - Takeloti II 15th year Omen on Mesori 25 and 1st year of Sheshonk III
36358
BCE Calculated Deluge date after a comet was seen in Pisces and a polar
reversal 25 Sothic cycles for 36500 years to the 2nd year of Antoninus
Pius
10490 BCE Building of the Great Pyramids begins 8 years after new era and ending after a century of work
9568 BCE Sinking of Atlantis when the atmosphere is blown out into space - Start of the Holocene
5698 BCE 22nd Sothic cycle begins First book of Manetho (Afracanus) for 2300 years ending at the Era of kings of men and not gods
5502 BCE Babylon exodus (Africanus): Language diverges - walled communities start
3761 BCE Oct 6th New Era (AM) and calendar - new equinox count from 3760 BCE for 25 year victorian cycle so all BCE Sothis cycles begin in 85, 60, 35 and 10
3398 BCE Era of kings of men - Sumeria - First Han-ung - Athothis of the Upper Kingdom & Mestraim of the Lower Kingdom - China Shennong 500 years
3119 BCE Start of a new 1200 year yuga cycle - Mid Holocene gravity event - Fourth Han-ung
3037 BCE Birth of Noah - Menes begins a 1 year war that unites the two lands of Egypt in the 363rd year of Mestraim
2898 BCE China Yellow Emperor reigns 300 years
2778 BCE 24th Sothic cycle in the 6th year of Conchard
2598 BCE Shaohao 1st year (Chinese Classics and most important traditional date)
2550 BCE Closing Hall of Records at end of 3rd Egyptian dynasty - convergence of 50 year Jubilee & Sabbath year every 350 years
2315 BCE 42nd year of Yao a brilliant star appeared in Yin
2255 BCE 1st year of Shun brilliant star came out in Fang (libra) - End of Semiramis (Ishtar) - kingless period for 6 years in Egypt
2155 BCE 5th year 9th month kang-seuth day [47] (Oct 12th) of Zhongkang an eclipse
2061 BCE Famine in city of Ur - Abram left Ur after 1 year (2060 BCE) - 1001 years before Tiglath-pileser end
2045 BCE Passover Polar reversal - Sodom & Gomorrah - Ismael born - Ur III end - Sumeria uninhabited for 7 years - Middle kingdom of Egypt began 1520 years [11] before the 5th year of Cambyses II (525 BCE Ptolemy's Canon) - 13th year of Zhu the Ho river kills Ming - Zariqum
1966 BCE New calendar of 354 1/5 days a year 1 year before the death of Abraham - 1000 years before the death of David in 966 BCE
1893 BCE Jin 8th year: Inauspicious portents in sky - ten suns [12] - Jacob wakes up to plasma aftereffect: Jacob's ladder; spiral stairway to Heaven
1863
BCE Sesostris III 4th year; Joseph 17 - Jie 10th year: Planets went out
of their courses, stars fell like rain, and rivers E and Loh became dry
[13]
1860 BCE Sesostris III 7th year a Sothis on Pharmuthi 16th (July 14th)
1842 BCE Start of 7 year famine & Pharaoh Dan's 9 year war in Tang's 2nd year start of 5 year drought in China
1833 BCE Jacob dies at age 147 - End of 9 year war in the taking of Argos (393 years to the exodus) - First Tangun
1773 BCE End of 12th and start of 15th Egyptian dynasty (Josephus) for 244 years ending with Apopi (Amram)
1744 BCE Babylonian start of the Kassite Kingdom for 576 3/4 years at 545 years too early
1718 BCE New Kingdom start 7 centuries too early by Manetho and 4 centuries from the actual 25th and last Sothic cycle
1622 BCE Assyria loses battle with India end of Semiramis II (Attosa) - Job - Bristlecone pine irregular tree ring event - 1000 years from sack of Nineveh
1530 BCE Birth of Moses 3 months before the flood of Ogyges Oct 31st (Halloween) - Tighernmas died along with 3/4 of the island
1529 BCE Feb 4th Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, and 4th visitor (Vulcan) - dendro marker - 511 years of foreign occupation of Egypt 1st king Ethiopian
1450 BCE End of last ancient Ethiopian kings Tanutamon when Moses was 80 years old
1440 BCE March 13th New calendar of 360 days & 30 full day months - Shepherd Kings rule Egypt for 453 years - 7th year of Hammurabi – Red Sea March 19
1410 BCE Joshua last historic polar reversal in the 38th year of Hammurabi
1318 BCE 25th Sothis cycle (Oppolzer [14]) - Menophreus Era = XIII dynasty Menoffire Ai (Donovan A. Courville)
References
- Histories against the pagans VI:27:1 and VII:3:4
- Josephus; Ant 12:7:6
- Ezekiel 4:4-7
- Isaiah: 30:26
- Daniel 12:7
- 2 Kings 19: 35-37
- Gods, Heroes and Tyrants: Greek Chronology in Chaos By Emmet John Sweeney, page 75 https://books.google.com/books?id=vKtNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=Gela+found+690+BCE&source=bl&ots=aIdGtAV8dY&sig=O5W8VotlKp_vXonFpSx3vbMWW2E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjv4s_s8IjWAhVI6mMKHUd1AXAQ6AEIKTAB#v=onepage&q=Gela%20found%20690%20BCE&f=false
- Chinese Classics
- Josephus; Ant 5:10:4
- Chinese Classics
- 2nd book Excerpta Latina Barbari
- Chinese Classics
- Chinese Classics
- The American Ecclesiastical Review;: A Monthly Publication for the Clergy, Volume 22 edited by Herman Joseph Heuser, page 213 https://books.google.com/books?id=JvrNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=Oppolzer+1318+BCE&source=bl&ots=0m9tbgfYQ4&sig=4J0P5FfWKUTxHhNRBsLBv_L7Dv8&hl=ensa=Xved#v=onepage&q=Oppolzer%201318%20BCE&f=false
The most important traditional date in ancient chronology is 2598 BCE for the 1st year of Shanohao because it can be connected to the era of kings of men and not gods of 3398 BCE which is connected to the 22nd Sothic cycle of 5698 BCE. These traditional dates confirm the synchronization of ancient chronology to the sack of Rome in its 1163rd year or 410 placing the end of the Byzantine Empire at 1457. This is also confirmed by multiple traditional dates such as of the birth of Jesus in year 4 of the Common Era in the 42nd year of Augustus. The previous synchronization for the end of the Byzantine Empire at 1456 was done to match Moon phase records to retro-calculations for Moon phases. The present placement of 1453 was done in an effort to match the Olympiad system that is 8 years too early because the count system of 4 years per cycle is known to be false as the first event cycles were 8 years apart. These known false alterations were used in order to gain a match for the Moon phase records to retro-calculations. Both four and one year displacements in chronologies reverse Moon phases of Full and New Moons but still off by a day or two.
Human Psychology: The herd
Man is a herd animal where his status is all important. Consensus positions provide social safety. The greatest fear people have is public speaking because of the perceived fear of losing status. Only 1/7 of the people chose to take positions of leadership while the rest willingly follow. Half of the leadership group will do no wrong while the other half cares only for their own interests. The herd follows the leader of whichever half is in charge.
Science as a methodology rejects ideas to find different ways nature operates by an internally coherent worldview built on frames and paradigms that support core beliefs. Frames build comparisons within the logic mold of the frame itself. More importantly frames limit what is considered legitimate input. Only paradigm's that fit the fundamental mold are considered acceptable candidates. Core beliefs of the consensus herd will always choose frames and paradigms that reflect those values or at least do not contradict them over all others. Once a fundamental frame and paradigm are chosen they will not be replaced except for an insertion fitting into the same logic frame. Theories based on top of the basic fundamentals are all fair game, but the fundamental base is off limits. The tyranny of the consensus will never permit a challenge to the chosen worldview. Only revolution will replace it by a new generation.
Facts have no impact on man's worldview because it is a mind hack to generate institutional stability, which explains why revolutions are too rare. Moreover, man can only hold one worldview at a time and refuses to change because it generates the ideology that supports the world's vested interests. Materialists and deniers of consciousness determine the gravity paradigm of a dead non charge attraction when only charge attraction exists. The science establishments purpose it to safeguard, at all costs, a single perspective that filters out real possibilities while unexpected observations black or white are both said to confirm rendering the construct unfalsifiable. These foundations are not evidence based. Those that await the consensus to confirm that their foundations are wrong shall wait till hell freezes over. Sheldrake's book, "The Science Delusion" in 2012, shows that all ten basic tenets of the science establishment are not valid. This is even true for math equations. Renormalization is a false procedure as shown by Miles Mathis. Prof PM Robataille shows gravitational thermal dynamics is misapplied by astrophysics. Why? Because the consensus herd blindly defends the authority's frames that are derived by its worldview based on core beliefs. The inability of the establishment to accept known facts that contradict their worldview is the stumbling block of civilizations progress. Beliefs are the basis of perception and scientists will refuse to have their own perceptions questioned or investigated in a valid manner.
Science is no different than any other herd group. Herd thinking is basic to the very foundations of the science establishment and limits its progress intentionally in processing ritualistically information. The establishment’s main purpose is processing information and not science. Man is a processor of information and builds frames in order to prove true a known false principle. Since the consensus will not allow a foundational change, the processing can continue until finished just as it was so designed to do. The present science core beliefs of the consensus are that solidness defines what realness is and consciousness is a human self-delusion. Einstein's switching of Maxwell waves into energy packets or atoms won him the adoration of the physics world. Overwhelming evidence of cosmic charge and structures in the plasma universe continues to be ignored in the space age because the fact and acknowledgement of cosmic charge would force the acceptance of the universe's interconnectedness that is the basis of consciousness, which explains how miracles work, the placebo effect functions, and how plant roots break down toxins in the soils into different inert elements which is impossible for solid atoms to do.
Implications & Conclusions
Tradition has prevailed over uniformitarian assumptions. Present orbital and axis cycles were not followed in the past which at times were suddenly, violently, and dramatically changed. Traditional chronologies have been fully reconstituted by T and Y cycles of near Earth encounters. The Moon has switched Full and New Moon phases multiple times with the last time in 1547. Irrational behavior caused by past trauma is self-evident in man's inability to accept past events and historically recent changes. Peratt has shown that pictographs are recordings of years long plasma displays. Saturn is a captured planet and Earth, Venus, and Mars are its former satellites that were in a polar configuration, which galaxy arms as delayed Polar Configurations are proof of its operational and dynamic functionality. The Earth is less than 100 million years old and the Cambrian explosion occurred a mere 6.2 million years ago. Flandern's orbital calculation for the new comet creation event of 3.2 million years ago was caused by planet B exploding, which synchronized with the start of the Triassic Era caused by the 3 million year cycle for galaxy quantum redshift which are responsible for geologies strata boarders. Galaxy quantum redshifts occurs at six per 3 million year cycle starting at light speed with low load charge. Slower galaxy quantum redshifts increase charge load density as they age so the galaxy energy equation is unchanged. The sages say man's first civilization of Mu was 200 thousand years ago, which synchronized with the cosmic 3 million year cycle at an average 80 fold downgrade of geological time. The Deluge occurred in 36,357 BCE, the sinking of Atlantis in 9568 BCE at the start of the Holocene, the start of kings list of men and not gods in 3398 BCE worldwide giving the start of the reign of Shennong to be 2598 BCE, and the 25th Sothis cycle in 1318 BCE, which all can be tied internally to match the synchronization at the 536 year Irish oak bog dendrochronology one year delayed tree ring marker for the 535 CE event in the 5th year of Justinian. A gravity value change event occurred in the mid-Holocene which began a new metals and Bronze Age period in 3119 BCE where previously it was the Age of Copper where goats were the choice pullers of chariots. An extremely violent gravity change event occurred 800 thousand years ago moving continents around and pulsated for years at the K-T boarder. For more than the last five millennium bodies of cycles T and Y altered Earth's orbit and axis suddenly and violently as well as Earth's topography by thunderbolt (planetary lighting) exchanges and mountain building that moved Earth from its pivot. Worldwide changes in calendars occurred from a 354 day orbit to a 360 day orbit in 1440 BCE, to a 365 day orbit in 687 BCE, to a 365 1/4 day orbit in 354 BCE, and from the 7th year of Herod in 24 BCE to the last full complete Julian calendar year he ruled or year 8 CE the orbit of the Earth had 365 days neat or no leap day insertions in the astronomical calendar for 36 years (Macrobius). The ancient chronologists resynchronized their pillar dates like 747 BCE by 1 year (746 BCE) by Ptolemy to suggest past records of the Moon phases were the same as their own day (changed) order. The end of the Byzantine Empire occurred in the year 1457 CE and not as previously given at 1456 and far worse today at 1453. The Moon's orbital period changed in the 8th century and a new count was observed, reformulated, and instituted in 743.
The cosmos is in a fury of constant unending change. The Earth's pace of change since the Cambrian explosion is simply unbelievably dramatic. So why is man determined to pretend the world remains largely unchanging in human history against his own traditions? The answer is mirrored by what man defends most. The core beliefs of consensus science are that things are solid and consciousness is purely a self-delusion. However, nothing is actually solid and consciousness is the only thing that in reality exists. Einstein's switch from Maxwell waves to atoms is itself the cause of the split in physics. Going back to quantum fields in charge plasma unifies physics back together without the need of a God Particle or dark mass and energy giving an entirely different understanding of what matter is. There are no atoms or particles only waves or quantum fields in charge plasma. Cosmic charge represents the interconnectedness of the entire universe. Everything is connected to everything else. Since man perceives by what he believes, star patterns reflect man's own state of consciousness or divine mind. Man's worldview is mirrored by the pattern of the stars. When mankind fundamentally alters his worldview, the pattern of the stars change to reflect and support the new pattern of thinking. The stars have dramatically changed patterns in 1349, 747 BCE, and in the 4th year of Pharaoh Dan when Joseph was 17 in 1863 BCE. After man experiences these kinds of dramatic changes he destroys records of the past order and rewrites documents of the past to fit the new order. Individuals of honesty and truth are unable to withstand the stampede of the herd defending their false core beliefs. All natural bodies are hollow and the Earth is no exception. Just as the western hemispheric continents were discovered by earlier explorers before Columbus the ability of man to accept these kinds of reality can go unacknowledged by man's state of consciousness. Despite the fact astronomers and their telescopes have never confirmed the existence of body Y cycle Y is fully confirmed by the records of nature, which are not invalidated by the false worldview and secondary beliefs of astronomers who will not accept lost satellite Y as real nor the indignity of taking valid double blind tests to know if they can actually see all the stars that the establishment officially lists. They will refuse even the notion and when and if proper tests are ever done, they will not all see the same stars because the ability to see anything is based on one’s consciousness level which is variable in all. Moreover, night time on Earth is a mass delusion caused by man's spiritual need to see them. The stars give light in all directions and there is no corner in the universe where star (sun) light is not poured into. When the sun blinks out in quantum for days and months the light on Earth during day time was only deemed worldwide diminished without any direct sunlight like a very cloudy day.
Consciousness as a vibration alters the characteristics of the elements. Roman concrete was not lost. It changed so that the ingredients no longer reacted together as it once had. This means evolution is not primarily random mutation but that adaptation, which changes shape towards new function, is sufficient. Moreover, it is possible for a person with very strong intention and purpose to alter the characteristics of materials and systems to act in new ways. Experimenting with different materials and having an extremely strong and focused mental intention of desired outcomes can successfully produce new pathways for altered materials to function. Industrial design works because changing shape changes function, which is why manufacturing is the basis of innovation.
Art is a technology of perspective. In order to keep social change from occurring the vested interests of the world diminish the arts in early education at every opportunity. The world fears the power of challenging perspectives. The young develop a fix worldview by their mid-teens based on the establishment's beliefs without any benefit of a mature process to challenge the status quo. The establishment has no intention of questioning its fundamental core beliefs and the consensus herd has no intention of allowing authority to be questioned. Words are power because they reflect the divine. Lies kill because they frustrate those that hold them to be true which compels them into believing the only way to get rid of opposition to their ideological truths is to oppress all opposition and or just kill those they deem to not be like them.
Index 1: Solutions to chronological problems
AD - Anno Domini (equivalent to CE)
BC - Before Christ (equivalent to BCE)
BCE - Before the Common Era
CE - Common Era (A.U.C. 754th year)
Proof 1: 3119 BCE
The
Hindu's have a cycle (yuga) of 1200 years. If the cycle began in the
year 3119 BCE, it also did so at 1919 BCE, 719 BCE, 482 CE, and 1682 CE.
The start of these new cycles is important historically. During the
Common Era the cycle indicates the decline of the Western Roman Empire
and the start of the industrial revolution worldwide for 3 centuries,
which is a 4 fold increase in the cycle ending in 1982. Next a 40 fold
increase in the cycle as a 3 decade information age ending on the winter
solstice of 2012 CE of the Mayan calendar. The boom from Heaven
occurred at the start of the Mahabharata war (3156 BCE July 11xx
2:19:42) 36 years 8 months before the gravity event (3119 BCE March 11th
4:14: ). The calculation of Aryabhata's cycle of 3600 years (3102
BCE), since he turned 23 years old in year 421 of the Saka Era (AD 78)
on 499 CE, resembles somewhat the Egyptian 25 Sothis cycles (1460 years)
or 36,500 years from the 2nd year of Antonius Pius (143 CE) to the
Deluge. The length of all the yugas can therefore be calculated as there
are traditionally 6 manus or 27 chaturyugas between the Flood and the
start of Kaliyuga at 3119 BCE. Since a Deluge date of 36,357 BCE and the
gravity event of 3119 BCE gives a result of 33,238 years in-between
that is very near 28 yugas at 1200 years each (33,600) in-between, means
that the traditional numbers represent an additive system where Treta
at 3600 years represents Kali, Dwapara, and Treta all together. The
difference between 3119 BCE and Aryabhata's date of 3102/1 BCE is only
17 years. The Era of Cyrus (II) the Great is traditionally 576 BCE,
which was used in the Hindu king chronologies as century markers since
precession was held by the ancients to be 1 degree per century. The
Royal Canon of kings by Ptolemy has Cyrus (II) the Great start at 559
BCE. If Aryabhata used the Royal Canon in his calculation rather than
the traditional and correct date, the resulting difference is 17 years
closer to our time. The end time cycle of the Mayan calendar is also
indicated by Nostraduamus in his 20 cycles of Moon periods (27.4 days
{years}) or 548 years from 1492 CE to 2040 CE while the eclipse cycle
(18.6 years) or 19th year represents the beginning of a New World Era
(2040 CE - 27.4 years = 2012.6 CE).
Proof 2: Herod's 40 year reign
Josephus
gives the passage of time from Herod taking Jerusalem to the taking of
Jerusalem by the Romans to be a period of 104 years. Herod took
Jerusalem in his third year after he was appointed king by Rome. The
written numbers in the documents start from Herod's appointment by Rome.
However, the numbers next to the words in the text are 3 years less.
Herod's rebuilding of the second Temple began in his twenty-first year.
After the death of Herod, the Jews started counting Herod's reign from
his taking of Jerusalem making Herod's shortened reign his 18th year for
the rebuilding of the second Temple. Why would the Jews desire to
change the numbering system of Herod's reign after he had died? Herod is
given 34 years for his reign. Interestingly, Herod actually made the
decision of how long his reign would be. Now, there is only one reason
for the Jews to have desired to change the length of Herod's reign and
that would be if Herod's reign was 40 years. The Hebrew word DOR is
translated as generation. In the context of chronology generation means a
period of 35 to 40 years. However, time intervals of 40 years became
prestigious since the sacred history of the Hebrews was built on a
system of 40 year cycles and the great kings such as Saul, David, and
Solomon had 40 year reigns built into the system. Herod chose to end his
life and reign at 40 years because doing so would add to his prestige.
Herod greatly desired to be acknowledged as a great king. The Jews by
recounting his reign from the time of his taking of Jerusalem 3 years
after being appointed by Rome denied Herod his desire of a 40 year
count. Herod's total reign was 40 years, which was shortened to a 37
year count by the Jews. The actual length of reign can be established by
the fact that Jesus was born during Herod's reign. According to Thomas
Jesus was 2 years old when Joseph took him to Egypt and stayed 3 years
until Herod died 3769 Sebat 2 (or year 9 CE on January 9th). If one
places the birth of Jesus at the start of the Common Era, then Herod's
1st year would be 30 BCE using a 34 year reign. That fits the present
conventional Roman chronology as the year that Augustus won the empire.
However, we know that in the year Augustus won the empire that a great
earthquake occurred, which happened in the 7th year of Herod (24 BCE
shortened Jewish count). Herod took Jerusalem in 30 BCE in a Sabbath
year and after 104 years had passed the Romans sacked Jerusalem in 75
CE. Herod's 40 year reign as a Roman appointed king started in the year
33 BCE and ended 9 CE January 9th. Herod's death occurred within a years
span of the only recorded lunar eclipse (March 10th 10:21 PM) of
Josephus. The five year Roman census cycle occurred on 2 BCE and year 4
CE, which cycle year was the year of Jesus' birth. The information of
the Jesus' census was used to redistribute Herod's kingdom to his heirs
during the last 5 years of Herod's life. Distributions of lands usually
occurred after the death of the ruler. However, the Romans did not wait.
Herod's sole period of reign acknowledged by the Jews from 30 BCE to 4
CE counts to his 34th year.
Proof 3: The Great Earthquake of Antioch
The
11th year of Justinian has a record for sighting a comet and a later
plague, which is used as a marker in the tree chronologies. The Irish
oak tree ring corresponds to 536 CE, while the Fennoscandia
dendrochronology irregular tree ring corresponds to 540 CE. Since the
present conventional sync of Justinian's reign starts in 527 CE, a
December year 11 would be 537 CE. A calendar year delay until the
seasonal ring growth occurs after the event would be tree ring 538 CE
and not 540 CE. This falsifies the correlation for both the traditional
historical sync 542 CE and the present conventional sync AD 538 as both
are two years off on either side from the 540 tree ring marker in the
Fennoscandia dendrochronology. Neither the Irish oak marker nor the
Fennoscandia irregular tree rings represents Justinian's December comet
in year 11. Zacharias of Mithylene puts the December comet in year 850
of the Greeks or December 539 CE, which is the correct sync to the
Fennoscandia dendrochronology. Malalas dates an earthquake of Antioch to
May 20th or 29th in the 7th year of Justin (525 CE) and consul.
However, the consuls (526 CE) in the records do not match. Glycas and
Cedrenus relate this earthquake to the disaster at Pompeiopolis in
Moesia. The problem is that the earthquake is dated to 536 CE. However,
Phillips and Guidoboni interpolate the reference to Justinian's 7th year
and not to Justin. The Pompeiopolis and Antioch earthquake is
associated and known to have occurred 2 years after the Great Antioch
Quake. The 5th year of Justinian was the year of the Great Quake of
Antioch, which is marked in the Irish oak dendrochronology a year later
in the tree ring representing 536 CE. The 5th year of Justinian as 535
CE upholds the traditional sync, which is four years closer to our time
than the present conventional chronological sync.
Proof 4: Necho II and Ramesses II
The
state policy of Nebuchadnezzar II was to destroy all national and
cultural artifacts of conquered lands. Nebuchadnezzar II conquered Egypt
in 585 BCE in order to put his grandson Apris on the throne of Egypt.
Ramesses II had married the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar II. It was this
woman that Cambyses II claimed relation to giving him the right to rule
Egypt. Since Nebuchadnezzar II had made treaty with Necho II, he had to
keep faith by making an exception to his state policy, which was that
anything with the cartouche of Necho II on it would be spared. Once the
priests understood they put Necho II cartouche on every monument and
only those which has one survived. A logogram would be NAM.RA.MES -
Necho Ramesses. However, the cartouche on Egyptian monuments is that of
Ramesses II. Why would Nebuchadnezzar II make an exception to his state
policy for a foreign king that had ruled and died 5 centuries before he
was born? Why would the cartouche of a native Egyptian king 5 centuries
dead be put on the monuments of Ethiopian and other kings that had ruled
as much as 5 centuries afterwards? Herodotus states that Necho II began
to dig the first canal in Egypt. However, he decided to not finish it
since the oracles told him it would help other countries more than the
natives of Egypt. The inscriptions of Darius the Great state that the
Egyptian king that began the canal project that Darius finished was
Ramesses II. Necho II (Greek) and Ramesses II (Egyptian) are one and the
same king.
Proof 5: Sothic dates
Berossos' Deluge
date (36,358 BCE) holds 25 Egyptian Sothis cycles (1460 X 25 = 36,500)
within it ending on the 2nd year of Antoninus Pius (143 CE). Africanus'
first book of Manetho starts on the 5th to the last Sothis cycle at 5698
BCE. The Book of Sothis has a king list that has a marker to the 3rd to
last Sothis cycle at 2778 BCE. The original end of the third and last
book of Manetho was the last (30th) native dynasty where a New Sothic
Era began in the 16th year of Nectanebo II (353 BCE). The new era put
Victorian 25 year counts at 78, 53, 28, and 03 for BCE centuries
afterwards. After the new era event occurred (354 BCE) it changed the
equinox dates. The first new spring equinox date was observed in 353 BCE
for the new era. A new era was also desired after the important number
of 36,000 years had passed since the Deluge. Another earlier era cycle
was based on an ancient calendar reform after an event did the same
thing in 3761 BCE and for the same reason a new spring equinox count was
started in 3760 BCE. Victorian (25 year) cycle counts based on this
equinox date put the last two digits for all era centuries within it at
85, 60, 35, and 10. This means the 7th year of Sesostris III was 1860
BCE. Since the 4th year of Sesostris III is tied to a T cycle event at
1863 BCE, this earlier era is independently confirmed. The Aswan
inscription connects the previous Sothis Era count at 730 years to the
1st year (960 BCE) of Tuthmosis II to the 1st of Ptolemy IV Philopator
(230 BCE). The obvious fact is that 730 years is not divisible evenly by
a 25 year cycle without a remainder, which suggests that there are two
different Sothis eras within Egyptian chronology. Since the Papyrus
Rylands 666 states that Ptolemy VI Philometer 2nd year was a Sothis year
(178 BCE) and that in his 7th year there occurred a T cycle event (173
BCE), this second Sothis Era (353 BCE) is also independently confirmed
with a 7 year separation between the two Sothis Era Victorian 25 year
cycles.
Proof 6: Cyrus II first year 576 BCE or 559 BCE
Ancient
Persian chronology has a traditional date of 576 BCE for the start of
Cyrus (II) the Great's reign, which is 17 years earlier than the
conventional chronology and Ptolemy's eclipse data has for the start of
the empire at 559 BCE. Josephus' chronology upholds an empire rule of
246 1/2 years supporting the traditional founding date, which was used
as a pillar for chronology by other nations. Would other nations use a
false pillar? Oddly, Ptolemy's eclipse records do not match astronomical
retro-calculations. Since Sennacherib died during the reign of Hezekiah
and Hezekiah died in 686 BCE, means that Ptolemy's Royal Canon is in
need of correction. However, the eclipse data of Ptolemy must by design
have its own internal integrity to its purpose. Nabopolassar ruled for
29 years and his son Nebuchadnezzar II ruled for 43 years as king of
Babylon. At the start of Nebuchadnezzar II 19th year, the year he took
Jerusalem, was also the end of his father’s new era (22nd year). The
Nabopolassar Era began (May 620 BCE) after the fall of the last main
Assyrian forces in the city of Harran, which occurred 8 years after
Nabopolassar began ruling in Babylon and 2 years after the fall of
Nineveh (March 622 BCE). It was after the fall of Nineveh `during' the
reign of Nabopolassar that his son Nebuchadnessar II was married to the
daughter of the king of the Medes and contractually made king of
Babylon, which replaced the double kingship of Kassite co-rulers that
had been a fixture of Babylonian political institutions for 576 years 9
months since June 8th 1199 BCE. In 617 BCE Nebuchadnezzar II was made
commander of a Chaldean army from, which year count is one of three the
Bible uses for Nebuchadnezzar II. Two different reign counts for
Nabopolassar and three different counts for Nebuchadnezzar II.
Nebuchadnezzar II reign in Babylonian did not begin in 604 BCE as the
Royal Canon has it but started at 622 BCE an ellipse cycle 18 years
earlier. This makes 555 BCE the 2nd year of Cyrus (II) the Great as
ruler of the city of Babylon, which conforms to the traditional founding
date of the ancient Persian empire (576 BCE) because Cyrus (II) the
Great ruled Babylon for the last 9 years of his 29 year reign as Babylon
business documents prove. Ptolemy's list of eclipses, while being late
by one cycle, still fit the pattern of past eclipse cycles in the
records:
Nabopolassar 2nd year 627 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar II 14th year 609 BCE Nabopolassar (new era) 12th year
Nebuchadnezzar II 32nd year 591 BCE
Nabonidus 1st year 573 BCE
Cyrus II 2nd year 555 BCE Babylon city year count
Darius 3rd year 537 BCE
Darius 21st year 519 BCE
Xerxes 3rd year 501 BCE
Xerxes 21st year 483 BCE
Artaxerxes 18th year 465 BCE
Artaxerxes
II reign is given as 46 years. There are few records of the latter half
of the Persian Empire that have been found. However, there is an
unpublished document BM 65494 Artaxerxes VI.4.50 [6th month 4th day 50th
year] (E. Leichty and A. K. Grayson, Catalogue of the Babylonian
Tablets in the British Museum, Vol. VII (London, 1987), page 153) that
states that Artaxerxes reached at least into his 50th year. Now,
multiple double dated records exist for the last (41st) year of
Artaxerxes I with the ascension year of Darius II and it is known that
Artaxerxes III invaded Egypt in his 19th year and died a few years
afterwards. That leaves Artaxerxes II as the only candidate for an
increased reign by an additional 18 years that would be needed to keep
latter records in conformity with the lunar cycle. The hard fact is that
the record that exists fits the fact that Artaxerxes II reign was
longer than 46 years. Ptolemy transposed the number of years of reign
for Artaxerxes II from 64 to 46 year or a difference of 18 years less in
order to overcome the difficulties of his non concurrent reigns of
Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar II.
There is always a great deal
of resistance to change and no doubt that reasons and good ones will be
brought forward that a single imperfect and unpublished ancient
document should not be able to tip the balance and change, literally,
history because of a `known' scribal error. That seems good advice.
However, ancient documents that disagree with accepted theory do not get
attention or even published as this one did not because they are deemed
unreliable documents. Alto that does not change the fact of the
placement for the start of the Persian Empire at 576 BCE or 246 1/2
years (Josephus) before Alexander (III) the Great took Babylon. The
document only adds to the greater balance of the traditional era and
agrees with T and Y cycles in the records.
Proof 7: The end of Shang, the armies of Choa (1199 BCE and 1078 BCE), and the two sun risings of emperor I
Significant
astronomical proofs in Chinese records for planetary placements offer
us correct chronological syncs. Dixin, the last dynastic king of the
Shang dynasty, in his reign a `mandate of heaven' event occurred where 5
planets lined up together. The conventional date for the end of the
Shang dynasty, which happened in the 53nd year of Dixin's reign is 1111
BCE. However, the T cycle correlation is 1199 BCE for his 35th year. The
inscription of the Mandate of Heaven was written between the events of
the 31st and 33rd years. The planets line up in 1203 BCE October 15th,
which corresponds to his 31st year. However, the planets also line up in
1201 BCE September 15th or his 33rd year. Check web site:
The next dynasty places the death of king Choa and six armies by a natural catastrophe in the year 1078 BCE in a T cycle event year. The Irish bog ring for this event represents 1077 BCE. Thus, we have very highly correlated and fully independent evidence from astronomical, cyclical (T), and dendrochronology that creates the highest degree of dependability of any ancient dated event in history. The rising, lowering down, and second rising of the Sun in the first year of "I" is another (T) cycle event like the 715 BCE movement of the dial of Ahaz.
BCE
1233 Dixin 34
1199 Wu Shang 7
1192 Cheng 37
1155 Kang 26
1129 Chao 51
1078 Mu 55
1023 Kung 12
1018 I 25
Proof 8: Hammurabi's 46 year reign
During the reign of Hammurabi the 354 day calendar continued to be used in Babylon despite that the number of days per orbit changed to 360 days in his 7th year (1440 BCE). However, switching to a 360 day calendar did not occur in the city of Babylon until after the Earth reversed poles and rotation in the 38th year of Hammurabi in 1409 BCE). The first Babylon dynasty has two chronological systems. The length of Hammurabi's reign is given as 43 years in one and 55 years in the other. Hammurabi's father is given 20 years in one of the two systems. However, it seems the 43 number of years is only a copy of the reign length of Nebuchadnezzar II. The proper length equals a total of 75 years for both kings (20 + 55 = 75). It is stated that the cannon was decreased by 3 years to fit the chronicle system. A 46 to 29 year split is supported by T & Y cycles in the events of the Venus Tablets for Ammizaduga's 9th & 19th years.
Proof 9: Bible
KJH Biblical chronology:
Part one
Below is the usual Biblical chronology given in the Bible with some amendments. The Bible uses an artificial system based on 40 year generations. The 400 years between Jacob's 130 years of life to when Moses was 80 years old is a case in point as is the 480 years between the exodus out of Egypt and the 4th year of Solomon. These systems are not exact year date systems. However, they do represent a system of overall exactness from point to point. There are exactly 400 years from Jacob to Moses from the points given. However, the 4th year of Solomon is itself an artificial construct derived by giving 40 years as the length for his reign. Most interesting though is the fact that the dynasty marked by Josephus as being a Hebrew dynasty (Manetho's 15th Egyptian dynasty) that ruled Egypt for about 250 years fits well within that system between the end of the 12th dynasty and the birth of Moses (1530 BCE). The period between the Exodus and the building of the first Temple is 480 years when the periods of enslavement are counted as concurrent to the reigns of the judges. The separate Samaritan chronicle confirms the passage of the first three centuries after the Exodus. Other small differences are that the 8 year reign of Abdon was contemporary with Elon and that Abdon died later in the same year as Elon, that Eli reigned only thirty years, that the interregnum between Eli and Samuel's victory was only 18 years and not twenty, and Saul reigned 22 years and not 40. The last is confirmed by the fact that David received the whole kingdom in less than seven and a half years from the time of Samuel's death. Samuel died at the age of 85 after Saul had reigned 18 years, which fits a reign of 30 years for Eli since Samuel was 12 years old at that time. Saul's son ruled 2 years after Saul only leaving five and a half years as possible additional years for Saul's reign. The number 22 is often given for the missing part of the passage in Josephus, which is used to justify a reign length of 40 years (18+22) for Saul. However, the usual formula is not used as it was important to note when Samuel died to know the correct passage of time. If 22 is the correct number in the passage as the heritage of giving Saul 40 years suggests, then 22 is not additional years after Samuel's death but the total number of years of Saul's reign.
Israel chronology BCE
2140 Abraham 100
2040 Isaac 60
1980 Jacob 130
1850 Israel 400 Samaritan Chronicle
1450 Moses (80)
1530 Moses 120
1440 Exodus 40 1410 Joshua 28
1382 Interregnum 18
1400 Othniel 40 1364 Cushan 8
1356 Nathanel 9
1360 Ehud 80 1347 Jehud 18
1329 Gomer 20
1280 Shamgar 1 1309 Parak 30
1279 Jabin 20
1279 Deborah 40 1259 Deborah 23 20
1236 Midianites 7
1239 Gideon 40 1229 Gideon 30
1199 Abimelech 3
1196 Tola 23
1173 Jair 22 1169 Ammonites 18
1151 Jephthath 6
1145 Izban 7 1145 Abhoda 9
1138 Elon 10 1136 Ebhen Lel 28
1136 Abdon 8
1128 Samson 20
1108 Eli 30 40 1108 Anitel 40
1078 Interregnum 18 20 1068 SMSM
1060 Samuel 37 40
1023 Saul 22 40
1001 Ishbosheth 2
999 David 33
966 Solomon 38 40
Part two
There
are four chronological pillars used in Bible chronology after Solomon:
The fifth year of Rehoboam (924 BCE), Era of Nabonassar (747 BCE), the
first year of Cyrus (II) the Great (576 BCE), and the year Alexander
(III) the Great conquered Persia (330 BCE). Major changes are required
in Kings II because of an internal chronological problem in the Bible,
which is responsible for the creation of twin Ahaziahs, Jorams, and
Jezebels (Athaliah) – one real and one not. The cause of such an outcome
is Ahab's two deaths, which are both written into the story of the Old
Testament as Velikovsky pointed out. One tradition gave the death of
Ahab as occurring after the battle of Ramoth-gilead while the other gave
that he survived and reigned a significant period of time after that
battle. The chronology of the Bible uses the story line that Ahab died
at the battle. This is wrong and the consequences are that the real
characters and events become mirrored and occur twice. In order to
accomplish this both Ahab and Jehoshaphat required fictitious successors
named Ahaziah and Joram in opposite order relative to the other. To tie
up both ends Ahaziah and Jezebel had to die twice. This could only be
accomplished by creating a fictitious Ahaziah of Israel and Athaliah of
Jerusalem. Interesting consequences with these rearrangements are that
the real Joram with a reign of 12 years is given to be an Israel king
when he is a king of Jerusalem and only rules after the death of Ahaziah
king of Judah who reigned for 8 years and was a son of Ahab. Ahaziah
son of Ahab married the daughter of Jehoshaphat and became king of
Jerusalem after all of the sons of Jehoshaphat were killed in the wars
that Jehoshaphat fought. Another point of the same kind of divergence is
that Joash king of Jerusalem with a reign of 40 years is also Joash son
of Jehu who took Jerusalem in the 14th year of Amaziah. Joash son of
Jehu ruled both Samaria and Jerusalem as did his son Uzziah also known
as Azariah. Yet the greatest fiction in Bible chronology is the demise
of Israel in the reign of Hezekiah. Conventional chronology places the
sack of Samaria by Sargon II (722 BCE) as the functional date of this
event. The transference of Israel out of history in either the 8th or
7th century BCE are fictions for Joahaz came to rule during the start of
the 2nd year of the siege of Samaria by Shalmaneser and the eighth year
of Joash II son of Joahaz king of Israel was the 14th sole year of
Hezekiah (687 BCE). The kingdom of Israel did experience a number of
dispersions; in the 8th year of Tiglath-pileser III (722 BCE), at the
end of 6th year of the regency of Hezekiah (710 BCE) after the sack of
Samaria by Shalmaneser (that is used by the Bible as an impossible
marker for the death of king Uzziah), an actual dispersal during the
non-regency reign of Hezekiah (where the end of Israel's ten tribes were
falsely placed at 687 BCE), and the final one at the end of the reign
of Hoshea where the end of Israel as a nation was affected by
Nebuchadnezzar II when he sacked Samaria in 595 BCE three years after
sacking Jerusalem.
Clearly, the usual Bible chronology simply
will not fit by the numbers. Jehu kills Ahab the king of Israel and
Ahaziah king of Jerusalem directly after each other. However, the death
of the kings of Israel and Jerusalem do not coincide to the same year in
the conventional chronology. Kings of Jerusalem when counted out give
Uzziah's death (710 BCE) at 5 years after the death of Ahaz (715 BCE),
which is a clear impossibility and a sure artificial construct. Once
Joash son of Joahaz is placed in his proper century there is no Joash of
Israel to beat Amaziah. Switching Joram with his twelve years and Joash
with his generation (40) rule puts the story into concert with the
known history. Getting rid of the false doubles places the end of Joash
at 776 BCE and the end of Uzziah at 741 BCE, which are correct
placements. In order to reconcile the death of Ahaziah king of Jerusalem
in 834 BCE after an eight year reign to the beginning of Jehu's reign
the whole structure of Israel kings is shifted 4 years from the death of
Solomon to the fifth year of Rehoboam and the 40 year reign of Joash is
shorten by 4 years to 36, which is acceptable with the rules governing
what the length a Hebrew generation could represent (35-40 years). When
the reign lengths of Ahab and Jehu are switched, the chronology is
reconciled to their proper placements.
Part three
The
traditional placements of the first year of Jotham (747 BCE) to the
first of Cyrus (II) the Great (576 BCE) are exact. However, one of the
reign lengths is not. The system used was lengthened by Manasseh's
elongated reign by an additional 20 years from 35 to 55. By adding a
fictitious king Amon, the name of an Egyptian god, increased the length 2
years for a total of 22 additional years to bridge the points from the
destruction of Jerusalem (598 BCE) to the first of Cyrus (II) the Great
(576 BCE). The death of Josiah marks the date of the fall of Assyria
(620 BCE). Nabopolassar ruled for 29 years. However, after his victory
over the Assyrian Empire he began numbering his years anew. Nabopolassar
died 21 years 3 months (22nd year) after the fall of Assyria at Harran,
which was just after the fall of Jerusalem in the 19th year of
Nebuchadnezzar II as commander of the army and his 25th year as king of
Babylon. Josephus gives the Persian Empire 246 1/2 years from the first
year of Cyrus (II) the Great in 576 BCE to the conquest of Persia by
Alexander (III) the Great in 330 BCE.
Conventional Bible chronology
BCE Reign BCE Reign
928 Rehoboam 17 928 Jehoboam 22
911 Abia 3 906 Nadab 2
908 Asa 41 904 Baasha 24
867 Jehoshaphat 25 880 Elah 2
842 Joram 8 878 Omri 12
834 Ahaziah 1 866 Ahab 22
833 Athaliah 2 844 Ahaziah 2
831 Joash 40 842 Jehu 28
762 Uzziah 52 802 Joahaz 17
785 Joash 16
747 Jotham 16 769 Jeroboam II 41
731 Ahaz 16 728 Zachariah + Shallum
715 Hezekiah 29 Menahem 10
686 Manasseh 55 718 Pekahiah 2
631 Amon 2 716 Pekah 20
629 Josiah 31 696 Hoshea 9
598 Jehoahaz 3 M 10 d 687 Ten tribes dispersed
Jehoiakim 11
587 Jehoiachin 3 months
Zedechiah 11
576 First of Cyrus II 246
330 Alexander the Great
KJH chronology
928 Rehoboam 17 924 Jeroboam 22
911 Abia 3 902 Nadab 2
908 Asa 41 900 Baasha 24
867 Jehoshaphat 25 876 Elah 2
874 Omri 12
842 Ahaziah 8 862 Ahab 28
834 Joram 12 834 Jehu 22
822 Amaziah 14 29 812 Joash 36 40
808 Joash 32
776 Uzziah 35 52 776 Azariah 29
747 Jotham 16 747 Pekah 24
731 Ahaz 16 722 Menahem 12 Azia
715 Hezekiah Regency 15 711 Joahaz 17
700 Hezekiah 14 29 694 Joash II 16
686 Manasseh 35 55+2 678 Jeroboam II 41
651 Josiah 31 637 Zachariah + Shallum 1
620 Jehoahaz 3m 636 Menahem II 10
Jehoiakim 11 626 Pekahiah 2
609 Jehoiachin 3m 624 Pekah II 20
Zedechiah 11 604 Hoshea 9
598 Sack of Jerusalem 595 Sack of Samaria
Index 2: Time line
CC - Chinese Classics
PC - Polar Configuration
SE - Solar eclipse
LE - Lunar eclipse
SK - Shepherd Kings = Hyksos
WG - World G
36358 BCE Deluge on 2nd month 17th day the geo Pleistocene boundary event: Pole reversal - First of 3 last remembered historical reversals Actual year was 36,357 BCE
10498 BCE Atlantis bent on dominating the whole world attempts to destroy Athens by an electronic beam thru the Earth, but ignites underground natural gas reserves instead - atmosphere is blown into space Stars changed pattern in the sky - far fewer stars seen - years averaged 350 days - Moon 22 days
9568 BCE Atlantis sinks under the waves after 3rd catastrophe in a millennium marking the end of the new age of Adam - stars change pattern in sky
5536 BCE Uenephes Great Famine
5502 BCE Babylon exodus: Language diverges - walled communities start
5475 BCE Semempses Great calamity many portents
5415 BCE Boethos Huge hole opened at Bubastus swallowing many
5235 BCE Nephercheres Nile flowed with honey for 11 days
5114 BCE Necherophoes - Moon waxed beyond reckoning - average 14 day months - stars changed pattern in sky
4270 BCE Dendrochronology mark 3761 BCE Oct. 7th reform: 360 `day' year and rotation & 20 `day' Moon counts
3760 BCE Victorian 25 year cycles counted marking Egyptian Sothis dates
3398 BCE Kings of men first began to rule everywhere on the Earth
3156 BCE Boom from Heaven: Start of the Mahabharata War
3119 BCE Mid Holocene event: Gravity value doubled - Extinctions - Feb 17/18 years of 365 `days' with 40 `day' months (Feb 20)
2812 BCE Dendrochronology event marker - Mayan calendar <-2840>
2778 BCE Concharis 6th year is 23rd Sothis cycle of 1460 years
2315 BCE
2255 BCE Gutium invasion begins near the end of Naram-Sin grandson of Sargon the Great - end of Unas - First year of Shun; CC: Brilliant star came out of Fang (Libra) - dendrochronology marker
2249 BCE Six year kingless period in Egypt begins - dendrochronology marker
2155 BCE The end of the Gutium period during the reign of Utuhegal (5th) year 5th year of Zhongkang Oct. 12; CC: Eclipse
2061 BCE Beginning of famine - Abram left Ur after 1 year of famine (2060 BCE)
2045 BCE Middle Kingdom of Egypt in Mentuhotpe II (14th) year - Ur III endDestruction of Sodom & Gomorrah (Lot leave on passover April 14th) - Birth of Ismael - polar reversal
2040 BCE Birth of Isaac
2015 BCE Sacrifice of Isaac at 25 1966 BCE Start of 354.2 day years one year before the passing of Abraham
1893 BCE 8th year of Jin; CC: Inauspicious portents in sky - ten suns; Jacob wakes up to plasma aftereffect: Ladder and spiral stairway to Heaven
1873 BCE 7th year of Fa; CC: Mt. Tae shook
1863 BCE 4th year of Sesostris III Joseph 17 - changed heavenly order 10th year of Jie; CC: Planets went out of their courses, stars fell like rain, and the rivers E and Loh became dry
1842 BCE Start of 9 year war of Sesostris III and 7 year famine also in China
1833 BCE Jacob dies at 147 years - end of 9 year war in taking Argos 393 years before the exodus
1718 BCE Manetho New Kingdom start 7 centuries early
1622 BCE Bristlecone pine irregular tree ring event - Job Traditional date that Assyria lost the battle with India
1530 BCE Birth of Moses - Flood of Ogyges in Egypt October 31st Halloween - Irish king died along with 3/4 of the islands population Oct. 31
1529 BCE Feb 4th Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, and 4th visitor (Vulcan) - dendro 511 years of foreign occupation of Egypt first by Ethiopians then SK
1440 BCE Exodus: 10 plagues & parting of the reed sea - SK 453 year occupation 7th year of Hammurabi - 360 day year with 30 full day Moon periods
1410 BCE Joshua event - last historic polar reversal - 38th year of Hammurabi
1318 BCE 24th Sothis cycle 1460 - Menophreus Era = XIII dynasty Menoffire Ai Manetho Ramesses II solo reign begins 4 centuries after NK start
1289 BCE 9th year of Ammisaduga - Venus tablet
1279 BCE Jabinite slavery of Israel - Ammisaduga 19th year; missing tablet data 3rd year of Wenwuding; CC: River flow interrupted 3 times
1259 BCE Song of Deborah
1248 BCE End of first Babylon dynasty and Samsuditana
1229 BCE 1st of Gideon - 5th year of Dixin; CC: a shower of earth occurred
1199
BCE June 8th 576 3/4 years of Kassite rulers - 35th year of Dixin; CC:
Great famine - end of Gideon - Takeloti II 15th year Omen Mesori 25
1185 BCE 15th year of Shoshenq III
1172 BCE 28th year of Shoshenq III Apis born
1169 BCE Beginning of the 17th dynasty of Egypt
1108 BCE Death of Samson
1078 BCE End of Eli; Josephus: Samuel at 12 - loss of Ark - dendro marker - 52nd year of Chao; CC: Comet seen then death of king and 6 armies
1060 BCE Beginning of Samuel's rule: Victory in battle - irregular tree ring signature in the master dendrochronology - end of Tiglath-pileser
1018 BCE Saul ends 3 year siege of foreign SK capital after 5 years as ruler Beginning of the 18th dynasty of Egypt - 1st of Peshgaldaramas First year of I; CC: Two sun rises in one day
1006 BCE 6 months after David becomes king of Judah he sees and hears the star
988 BCE Earthquake and plague of king David starts
987 BCE End of plague - last Shepherd King (SK) city taken ending 453 years of Hyksos (SK) dominance in Egypt & the Middle East - 8th Babylon Dynasty
966 BCE End of David's reign: Earth movement
958 BCE Queen of Sheba (Hatsheput Queen of Egypt & Ethiopia)
928 BCE End of Solomon's reign
898 BCE Asa having reigned ten years: Triumph over Zariah & Ethiopian army Sack of Babylon by Mursilius and death of Ea-gamil last Sealand king
872 BCE (880) Four Masters: End of the rule of Enda by plague
868 BCE Founding of Samaria by Omri and Calah by Assurnasirpal; Tree killing event - 3rd year of Yu; CC: Thunder & lightning with no clouds in sky
838 BCE Mid reign of Ahaziah's 8 year rule directly after Jehoshaphat
810 BCE July 17th on 51st year of Ping; CC & WG: Eclipse
808 BCE 5th year of Akhenaten - 3rd year of Huan 2nd month day jen-chen[29]
776 BCE Saturday July 14th First Olympiad - End of Suppilulliumas
757 BCE Start of the Trojan War - 1st year of Ashur-Dan III also 7th and 12th year plagues and 9th year solar eclipse in 3rd month Simanu (Siwan)
747 BCE Thursday Feb. 26 Destruction of Troy - Babylon Era - Thoth 1 - Rome founded Monday April 21 - Brutus leaves Italy - T and Y cycle convergence: WIC
717 BCE Dial of Ahaz - Romulus taken up to heaven by a whirlwind June 5th
702 BCE 14th year of Hezekiahs' regency
690 BCE Trojan warrior founds the city of Gela
687 BCE March 23, 14th year of Hezekiah sole reign; Death of Sennacherib Calendar changes from 360 day years to 365 day years with Moon periods of 29 1/2 days from full 30 day periods - single 367 day year
625 BCE 10th year of Ching II; CC
622 BCE March 13th Sack of Nineveh - 13th year of Ching II; CC: Star Nebuchadnezzar II king of Babylon in his fathers 7th year
620 BCE Nabopolossar New Era Abu 12 (July 24) sacking of Haran Assyria falls
618 BCE Ramses II solo reign 7 centuries earlier than Manetho's book
617 BCE Nebuchadnezzar II Era as commandar of the army 598 BCE July 2nd taking of Jerusalem - 19th year of Nebuchadnezzar II 22nd year of Nabopolossar new Era and 24th year of Nebuchadnezzar II as king of Babylon
595 BCE Sack of Samaria - 6th year of the war (Alyattes) - Thales eclipse - Muwatallis mid reign - 14th year of Ching III; CC: Milky Way not visible
566 BCE First year of Amasis king of Egypt - 7th year of Arnuwandus IV - 43rd year of Ching III; CC: Tan river stopt
560 BCE 6th year of Yuan; CC: Kwie and Tan rivers interrupted
528 BCE [11th] year of Darius: Meton Moon cycle instituted after octaeteriscycle no longer applied in the 19th year of Darius the Great
504 BCE Founding of the Roman Republic - Battle of Marathon Sept 7th
497 BCE July 15th Battle of Salamis at the end of the 6th year of Xerxes
476 BCE 15th year of An; CC: Great wind and dusk at noon
434 BCE 23rd year of Hsien; CC: Earth rent - End of Cordeilla
354 BCE Sack of Rome in its 400th year - 7th year of king Belinus - Years of 365 1/4 days begins - Suns present magnitude begins
353 BCE Sunday March 23 (Nisan 6) spring equinox - Egyptian 5 Tybi Nectanebo II 16th year night 21/22 Pharmouthis (July 7/8) Full Moon Astronomical retro-calculation for Full Moon: July 26th
341 BCE 6th year of Chao-Hsiang; CC: solar eclipse
324 BCE Death of Alexander the Great (III) in the 114th Olympiad June 22nd Pharmuthi 13: Day star seen; Earth movement
279 BCE 7th year of Hui Ti 5th month day ting-mao[4]; S
247 BCE Arsacid Era - first calendar with a 366 day count every 4 years - Calendar reform - Year 65 SE 5th month 28th day; solar eclipse 9th year March 9th of Ptolemy III: Heavens change order - (12th) year of Ching Ti; CC: Sun moves back 3 solar houses
216 BCE year 97 SE 9th month [13] night; lunar eclipse
203 BCE End of Regniel King of Britain
184 BCE 4th year of Cheng-ho
173 BCE 7th year of Ptolemy VI - 7th year of Antiochus IV
153 BCE End of Demetrius red disc - Naturales Quaestions VII, 15
143 BCE Sack of Carthage - Callippus Moon cycle - Tree killing event Year 168 SE 11th month 13th day; lunar eclipse
122 BCE Event of the greatest irregular tree ring of 1st millennium BCE
91 BCE [3rd year] Wang Mang (11 AD or 101 years conventionally off); Dhillon, B. S. : Yellow river changes course
52 BCE Disturbance 365 1/3 day years began 37 BCE Roman calendar of 365 1/3 day years instituted - Caesar's Ides of March comet
24 BCE 7th year of Herod; Josephus: Great earthquake at the start of spring Days of a 365 year neat (no extra day per 3 years for 36 years) CE
4 CE 41st year of Augustus; Ireanaeus, Tertullian: Star of Bethlehem which is the Star of David - Birth of Jesus Thursday nite March 19th or Friday nite Tybi 10th when the Moon was in 1st year of Shang Ti; conventional chronology too early by 101 years
8 CE Saturday March 10th 10:21 PM (Jewish Sunday nite) lunar eclipse for an hour - Ethiopian Calendar Era
12 CE Julian calendar reinstitution of leap days every 4 years or 12 cycles of triennia left out from the last leap day of 25 BCE to 12 CE
34 CE Baptism of Jesus in the 15th year of Tiberius September 23rd NYD
37 CE Friday March 22nd Full Moon the 18th year of Tiberius; Crucifixion: Syncellus - Chronicon: Darkness in the 6th hour of the day; great earthquake in Bithynia; great loss of life; destruction of Nicaea Eclipse of the Sun on Jewish feast day and later Lunar eclipse Sunday March 24th Resurrection - Retro: March 20th FM
67 CE Feb 5th Pompeii earthquake
83 CE Aug 24th Vesuvious eruption
143 CE Antoninus 2nd year 25th Sothis cycle and New Era Thoth 1 = Thoth 2
203 CE Vesuvius eruption
222 CE October 7th; Dio Cassius Bk lxxvii, 30: Conspicuous eclipse during the reign of Macrinus
249 CE (241) 14th year of Cormac; Four Masters: Strange portents 249 1st Mo Ti Wu; Chin Shu (15 years dif off standard chronology):
250 CE New chronological era; Roman: 20th of the month equinox - plague 2/5 254 CE Roman: Famine 5,000 died in one day - Rome 11th month 5th year; Chin Shu: Hui comet - Ho #?
310 CE End of Constantius
316 CE Oct 28th Constantine battle of the Milvian bridge; Roman: Cross in sky
340 CE March 25; Chin Shu: Po comet - Ho 169
341 CE May 22 end of Constantine; Riccioli: at the feast of Pentecost eclipse
348 CE chi-mao night 8th month 5th year of Mu Ti; Chin Shu: Heavens disrupted, thunder, and wild birds heard
369 CE July 21; Marcellinus: 2nd year of Valen - Thunder and lightning, wind earthquake, and tidal wave
400 CE 2nd year of Honorius and Arcadius; Marcellinus: Eclipse & earthquake 5th year 8th month (intercalary) kuei-chou day; Chin Shu: heavens from SE roared
410 CE 1163rd year of Rome August (24); Zosimus: Eclipse of the Sun June 18
416 CE Java eruption and separation
418 CE July 19th Friday
430 CE 6th year Yuan-chia 11th month day chi-chou[26]; stars seen; darkness ended during the hour of fu
442 CE Destruction of pagan site by St. Patrick
491 CE Uther began rule of Britain
502 CE Cedrenus: Earthquake at Constantinople 4th year Ching-ming 5th month day ting-mao[4]
521 CE Arthur begins rule of Britain
535 CE 5th year of Justinian; Earthquake: Plague - Irish oak bog marker 536 540 CE dendrochronology tree ring marker for a
539 event
551 CE 543 (551) 5th Diamaid; Four Masters: Plague 1/3 dies 552 CE July 9th new calendar Era
582 CE Gregory of Tours: Great plague
590 CE Oct. 4th; Rome: Maurice 9th (13th) year eclipse and windstorm
642 CE Bede, ASC: Oswald destroys Cadwallon and army First year of Conal II and Dungal
664 CE ASC; May 11th: eclipse retro: May 1 - record is offered as 3rd 4PM 672 CE 664 (672); Four Masters: Eclipse - February 14th - plague 1/4? died 3rd year of Wulfere; ASC: eclipse
691 CE Oct. 27th; Nihongi solar eclipse: failed
692 CE 684 (692) mid reign of Finnachta; Four Masters: Animal mortality Death of Cadwallader
702 CE First year of Eoacha-Rinevel
721 CE predicted eclipses failed;
723 CE Moon - Damaken palm reform from this reference point - 743 CE
812 CE 1123 SE 14th of Ayyar (May)
817 CE Oct; Annals of Xanten (Germany): rays of fire appeared in the sky
853 CE Annals of Xanten: Famine in Saxony 909 CE May 6th; Scotorum: Two Suns
911 CE 913 CE Worldwide tree decline Polar Urals dendrochronology
941 CE Leodienses: Comet 942 CE First year of Malcolm
944 CE Sigebertus: Comet
973 CE New World Era - 2nd regal consecration of Edgar in JEH 33(1982)
974 CE 3rd year Ten-en 7th m day hsin-wei[8] during the hours of mao & chen
975 CE Leo Diaconus: Earthquake on `Demetrius Day' - ASC: Comet
1004 CE Besuenses: Comet - 394 AH Rabi al-Awwal 29th Monday (Jan. 24)
1005 CE First year of Malcolm II - Sigebertus: Nova?
1006 CE Mosomagenses: Comet
1017 CE March; Sigebertus: Comet for 4 months
1024 CE Nova
1034 CE June 29 6-8 hour solar eclipse 28th day of the Moon [1033]
1054 CE Crab Nebula
1064 CE E: Battle of b
1067 CE April 24th; Senonesis: Comet appeared in Taurus and moved to extreme Gemini - Sigebertus: Comet near Easter - ASC: Comet First year of Shen Tsung Sung
1097 CE September 29th; Florence: Cross in sky October (first week); Sigebertus: Comet October (15 days); ASC: Comet
1098 CE 3rd year Yuan 4th month day ting-mao[4]
1099 CE November 3rd; ASC: Tidal wave, floods, Thames - many drowned
1106 CE March 22nd Thursday before Easter; ASC: Two full moons before day, one in the east, and another in the west
1130 CE (1124) Year 6632 Aug. 11th, before evening service
1153 CE January 26th; Sun eclipsed while the Moon was outside of the Sun
1191 CE May 1st at the bell of evening services year 6693 June 23rd Sunday *17th* day of the Moon, 3rd hour of the day: Solar eclipse (9th hour also in records)
1192 CE January 15; Humanist Ioudaios: ?
1222 CE June; Florence: Comet
1224 CE Dubbs T.: Heavy and awful shower
1241 CE Oct. 6th Sunday after midday: total solar eclipse, stars seen
1245 CE May 4th; Albertus: Star appeared near ascension day towards South in Capricorn large and bright red - could not be Jupiter in Virgo
1248 CE Egmundani: No snow and heavy floods
1250 CE September 29th; Worcester: Tidal wave
1253 CE 1252 March 13; Holinshed's Chronicles: New Moon 2 days early (15th) retro-calculation of NM: 16:21 1254 CE 1253 Lent (March 2); Holinshed's Chronicle: New Moon 4 days early 6th 3 days early from March 7th
1273 CE May 25th year 6775 in Constantinople; Sun in 4th part of Gemini 3rd hour before midday a total eclipse of 12 digits or points
1274 CE November 19th: Divine Wind 20th 1281 CE August 15 and 16th: Kamakaze
1286 CE January 1st; Wykes: Tidal wave from North Sea - 1st year of Margaret
1349 CE 1345 `Jolt' Black Plague; Chris Marx 1457 CE 1456 CE Theodor Gaster: Comet - First year of 2nd term of Ying Tsung Ming
1487 CE Tree line in N. Russia moved south 200 miles 1505 CE First year of Chu Hou-chao Ming
1547 CE April 23-25 Kepler on the authority of Gemma - stars seen during noon Little Ice Age starts
1567 CE April 9th midday at Rome: Sun eclipsed - ring
1577 CE The comet of 1577 observed by Tycho Oct. 27 perihelion 0.18 AU Nov. 13 comet head 8 arc minutes whitish (Saturn like)
1607 CE 1605 Oct; total solar eclipse at Naples: ring - stars not seen
1637 CE Feb 2nd collapse of tulip speculation 1630 CE Two comets fighting in heaven
1692 CE June 7th; Port Royal: Utter destruction
1755 CE November 1st and 18th: Lisbon and Boston earthquakes
1788 CE Schroeter observes a round shadow on the Moon
1819 CE Nov. 8-10 "Phenomena of 1819"; (Scientific American 44: 329, 1881) 1848 CE March 19 during lunar eclipse Moon illuminated blood red
1879 CE March 14 Russell & Hirst observe Moon shaded - a body eclipsed Sun
1912 CE March 7 Dark Day 1943 CE Famine
1973 CE Star of Bethlehem the Star of David near the Moon Aug. 31, 1973
2005 CE Mid year 7 years of worldwide rule begins 2006 CE Feb 17th 8:13 PM PST Vulcan in Sagittarius duration 317 days Dec 31 2005 CE Irish Flood prophized by St. Patrick
2012 CE Year of Second Coming - end of 19th cycle of Nostradamus period of 548 years (20 cycles of 27.4 days {years}) from 1492 to 2040 minus the 20th cycle of 27.4 years equals 2012.6 CE
Index 3: Historic Chronologies based on T & Y cycles
Israel
Byblos - Maria - Tyre - Heraclides/Lydia - Mitanni/Medes
Rome
Ancient British
Kent - West Saxon - Scotland
Northumbria - Mercia - Angles and others
Ancient Irish
Egyptian
Assyrian
Sumerian/Babylonian
China
Korea
Japan
India
The author has the very highest confidence in all the dates for the king
lists in these chronologies even when major resynchronizations have been
applied.
Israel chronology
2140 Abraham 100
2040 Isaac 60
1980 Jacob 130
1850 Israel 400 Samaritan Chronicle
1450 Moses (80)
1530 Moses 120
1440 Exodus 40 1410 Joshua 28
1382 Interregnum 18
1400 Othniel 40 1364 Cushan 8
1356 Nehtanel 9
1360 Ehud 80 1347 Jehud 18
1329 Gomer 20
1280 Shamgar 1 1309 Parak 30
1279 Jabin 20
1279 Deborah 40 1259 Deborah 23 20
1236 Midianites 7
1239 Gideon 40 1229 Gideon 30
1199 Abimelech 3
1196 Tola 23
1173 Jair 22 1169 Ammonites 18
1151 Jephthath 6
1145 Izban 7
1138 Elon 10
1128 Samson 20
1108 Eli 30
1078 Interregnum 18
1060 Samuel 37
1023 Saul 22 40
1001 Ishbosheth 2
999 David 33
966 Solomon 38 40
928 Rehoboam 17 924 Jeroboam 22
911 Abia 3 902 Nadab 2
908 Asa 41 900 Baasha 24
867 Jehoshaphat 25 876 Elah 2
842 Ahaziah 8 874 Omri 12
834 Joram 12 862 Ahab 28 22
822 Amaziah 14 834 Jehu 22 28
808 Joash 32 29 812 Joash 36 40
776 Uzziah 35 52 776 Azariah 29
747 Jotham 16 747 Pekah 24
731 Ahaz 16 723 Menahem 12 Ausi 3 weeks
715 Hezekiah Regency 15 711 Joahaz 17
700 Hezekiah 14 29 694 Joash II 16
686 Manasseh 35 55 678 Jeroboam II 41
651 Josiah 31 637 Zachariah + Shallum 1
620 Jehoahaz 3 636 Menahem II 10
617 Jehoiakim 8 11 626 Pekahiah 2
609 Jehoiachin 4 624 Pekah II 20
605 Zedechiah 7 11 604 Hoshea II 9
598 Sack of Jerusalem 595 Sack of Samaria
BCE Tr
#1 1450 Aaron, son of Amram 37 40
Nadab, son of Aaron
Abihu, son of Aaron
1413 Eleazar, son of Aaron 60 50
1353 Phinehas, son of Eleazar 61 60
1292 Abisha, son of Phinehas 37 40
1255 Shishai, son of Abisha 56 50
1199 Bahqi, son of Shishai 20 35
1179 Uzzi, son of Bahqi 40 25
1139 Shishai II, son of Uzzi 44 39
1095 Bahqi II, son of Shishai II 23
1072 Shebhet, son of Bahqi II 28 27
1044 Shallum, son of Shebhet 21 25
1023 Hezekiah, son of Shallum 25 20
#15 998 Jehonathan, son of Hezekiah 23 28
975 Jair, son of Jehonathan 22
953 Daliah, son of Jair 15 25
938 Jair II, son of Daliah 17 19 29
921 Jehonathan II, son of Jair II 21 28
900 Ishmael, son of Jehonathan II 26
874 Tobiah, son of Ishmael 26 28 19
848 Zodok, son of Tobiah 20
828 Amram II, son of Zodok 28
800 Hilkiah, son of Amram II 24
776 Amram III, son of Hilkiah 38
738 Agob, son of Amram III 36
702 Aqbiah, son of Agob 39
663 Halel, son of Aqbiah 45
618 Seriah, son of Halel 20 40
598 Interregnum 70
#30 528 Josedec, son of Seriah 50 Jehozadak
478 Jeshua, son of Jehozadak 52
426 Joacim, son of Jeshua 23
403 Eliasib, son of Joacim 12
391 Judas, son of Eliasib 22
369 Johnathan, son of Judas 20
349 Jaddua, son of Johnathan 18 Alexander III
331 Onias, son of Jaddua 14
317 Simon the Just, son of Onias 24
293 Eleazar, son of of Onias 21 Ptolemy II 291-255
272 Interregnum 41
#40 231 Manasseh, nephew of Eleazar 13
218 Onias II, son of Simon the Just 17
201 Jesus or Jason, bother of Onias II 27
174 Onias III or Menclaus 10
164 Jacimus, son of Onias II 4
160 Interregnum 7
#45 153 Judas, son of Mattathais 3
150 Interregnum 4
146 Jonathan, son of Mattathais 4
142 Simon, son of Mattathais 8
134 Interregnum 8
126 Hyrcanus, son of Simon 31
95 Aristobulus, son of Hyrcanus 1
#50 94 Alexander, son of Hyrcanus 27
67 Interregnum 7
60 Aristobulus II, son of Alexander 3
57 Hyrcanus II, son of Alexander 24
33 Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II 3
30 Hannaneel, son of 13
#55 30 Aristobulus III, grandson of Hyrcanus II 15
17 Hannaneel 2nd 10
15 Jesus, son of Fabi 7
7 Simon, son of Boethus 14
BCE 10 Mattathias, son of Theophilus 17
CE 8 Joseph, son of Ellem 1 day March 10th 10:21 PM Lunar eclipse 1 hour
8 Joazar, son of Boethus 30
#60 8 Eleazar, son of Boethus 6
8 Jesus, son of Sie 11
14 Joazar 2nd
14 Ananus, son of Seth 22 23
#65 37 Joseph called Caiaphas 11
37 Ismael, son of Fabi 12
38 Simon, son of Camithus 12
48 Mattathias, son of Ananus 11
49 Elioneus, son of Cantheras 14
#70 50 Jonathan, son of Ananus 13
54 Theophilus, son of Ananus 9
55 Joseph, son of Cainus 7
56 Ananus, son of Ananus 11 James the Just
57 Ananias, son of Nebedeus 18
#75 61 Jonathas, son of Mehmeret 12 Paul plead before
62 Joseph Cabi, son of Simon 12
62 Jesus, son of Damneus 11
63 Eleazar, son of Ananus 5
65 Jesus, son of Gamaliel 9 Gamaliel died 57
#80 68 Ismael, son of Fabi 7 last 2
68 Simon or Cantheras, son of Beothus 7
74 Phinehas, son of Samuel the unworthy 1
75 Av 9th Destruction of Herod's Temple
Mattathias, son of Theophilus 12
167 Mattahias 1 169 Jerusalem taken
166 Judas 16 167 Temple defiled 3
150 Jonathan 4+4 164 Temple purified by Judas
142 Simon 8 153 No High Priest (HP) 7
134 Hyrcanus 8+31 67 No High Preiest (HP) 7
95 Aristobulus 1 481
94 Alexander 27
69 Alexandra 9
60 Aristobulus II 3 Judas HP 3
57 Hyrcanus II 24 Jonathan HP 4 after Judas for 4
33 Antigonus 3 Simon HP 4
30 Herod 37 Hyrcanus HP 31
Events of T & Y cycles plus:
Abraham 2045 BCE T Sodom & Gomorrah destruction on Passover
Isaac 2015 T Sacrifice age 25
Jacob 1893 T Ladder of Heaven
Joseph age 17 1863 T Sun & Moon disturbance - 4th year of Pharaoh
Israel 1833 T died age 147
Hebrew dynasty 1773 T Manetho's 15th dynasty for 244 years
Job 1622 T Assyrian battle loses to India
Moses' birth 1530 T three months afterwards Ogyges flood occurs
Amram end 1529 Y foreign domination of Egypt for 511 years
Exodus 1440 T Four polar reverals - Red Sea Nisan 21
Joshua began 1410 T Jordan Nisan 10 - Jerico - Sun & Moon
polar reversal
Jabin began 1279 Y
Jabin end 1259 T
Gideon end 1199 T Cosmic worldwide event 1199 BCE June 8th
Ammonites began 1169 T
Shishai II began 1139 T 10,498 Adam 930
Samson end 1108 T 9,568 Seth 912
Eli end 1078 T 8,656 Enos 905
Samuel began 1060 Y 7,751 Cainan 910
Saul after 5 years 1018 T 6,841 Maleleel 895
David began 999 Y 5,946 Jared 947
David's plague 988 T 4,999 Enoch 365
David end 966 Y 4,634 Mathusela 949 962
Solomon end 928 T 3,685 Lamech 648 653 777
Asa after 10 years 898 T 3,037 Noah 950 600 flood
Omri middle 868 T
Ahaziah middle 838 T 2,525 Shem 100
Amaziah 14th 808 T 2,437 flood 12
Joash end 776 T 2,425 Arphaxad 35
Jotham began 747 T & Y 2,390 Sala 30
Ahaz (16th) 717 T 2,360 Eber 34
Hezekiah 14th 687 T 2,326 Phaleg 30
Joash II 8th 687 T 2,296 Ragau 32
Pekahiah began 626 T 2,264 Sarug 30
Samaria sacked 595 T 2,234 Nahor 29 79
HP interregnum 153 Y 2,205 Terah 70
Aristobulus II HP 60 Y 2,135 Abram 75
Herod 7th 24 BCE T 2,061 year of famine at Ur
A flood 2437 BCE Y Josephus: Arphaxad born 12 years after a flood
Jerusalem sacked 598 BCE Tammuz 9 (June 30th)
Temple burned 598 BCE Ab 9 (July 29th)
Pompey 57 BCE May 2nd
Herod 30 BCE Enters Jerusalem in a sabbatical year Sivan 6
Jerusalem fell 75 CE Av 9 (July 11th)
BCE Byblos 14 kings 380 years BCE Maria
1515 - 23 1519 Anbu 32
1492 Abichemou 19 1487 Anba 17
1473 Rib-Hadda 21 * 1470 Bazi 30
1452 Yakin 27 1440 Zizi 20
1425 Yantin 36 1420 Zimrilim 6
1389 Zakar-Baals 21 1414 End
1368 - 3
1365 - 17
1348 - 28
1320 - 15
1305 3 kings 106
1199 Ahiram 24
1175 Ithobaal 18 * Ruler not a king
1157 Yahimilik 22
1135 End
Tyre Heraclides 22 kings 505
BCE BCE
1168 - 15 1228 Heraclides 5
1153 Pygmalion 39 1223 Hyllus 45
1114 - 16
1098 - 12 1178 15 kings 366
1086 Hiram 18
1068 - 20 812 Adyattes 36
1048 - 18 776 Ardys 14
1030 - 14 762 Meles 12
1016 Hiram II 30 750 Myrsus 10
986 Abibaal 12 740 Candaules 17
974 Hiram II 12th 34
940 Baleazarus 7 17 723 Gyges 17
933 Abdastartus 9 706 Ardys 49
924 Methusastartus 12 657 Sadyattes 12
912 Astartus 12 645 Alyattes 57
900 Aserymus 9 588 Croesus 14
891 Pheles 8m 574 Cyrus II
890 Ithobalus 32
858 Badezorus 6 Mitanni
852 Matgenus 29 9
823 Pygmalion II 7th 47 948 Kirta 28
776 Ethbaal II 34 920 Shuttarna 20
742 Hiram III 9 900 Saussatar 30
733 Mattan 1 870 Artatama 30
732 Eloulaios 35 840 Satturna II 22
697 Baal 20 818 Tusratta 22
677 kingless period 70
607 Ethbaal III 18
589 Baal II 10 816 Arbaces 28
579 Iakinbaal 2m 788 Mandauces 20
Chelbes 10m 768 Artycas 30
578 Abbar 3m 738 Arbianes 22
Mattan II + Ger-asthart 6 716 Artaeus 40
572 Interregnum 1 676 Artynes 22
571 Balatorus 1 654 Astibaras 40
570 Morbalus 4 614 Astyages 38
566 Hiram IV 14th 20 576 Darius the Mede
Q. Sheba 9th year (951 BCE) visits Solomon after 20 years of his building TC
Pygmalion 7th year - Dido Founds Carthage in 816 BCE
Alyattes (50th) year 595 BCE (T) Thales of Milesian predicted eclipse
Syennesis of Cilicia and Labynetus of Babylonia mediated treaty 595 BCE
BCE Persia BCE Medes
702 Achaimenes 25 731 Deioce 55 53
677 Teispes 35 676 Praortes 22
642 Cyrus 40 654 Cyaxares 40
602 Interregnum 2 614 Astyages 38
600 Cambyses 24 576 Cyrus II 29
576 Cyrus II
702 Achaimenes 25 731 Medes
677 Teispes 35 576 Cyrus II
642 Ariaramne 15 650 Scythians 28
27 622 Fall of Nineveh 27
600 Arsames 22 600 5 year war start
578 Hystaspes 39 595 Eclipse of Thales 28th year
539 Darius 36 after the fall of Nineveh
Roman chronology
816 BCE Carthage founded - Medes capital sacked by Suppiluliumas
808 BCE Hercules sacks Troy - Aeneas leaves Troy - Jason kidnaps
Amazon princess by the shore of the Black Sea
776 BCE Twins Romulus and Remus born in Rome - First Olympiad
Jason kidnaps Helen during the sack of Thebes Egypt
757 BCE Trojan war begins
747 BCE Troy falls Thursday February 26th - Rome founded April 21st
753 Romulus 38th First 6 years with Remus
715 Interregnum 1
714 Numa 47 47 years of continuous peace
667 Tullus 41
626 Ancus 25
601 Tarquinius 37
564 Servius 39
525 Tarquinius II 21
504 Republic founded
354 Rome sacked (400th)
142 Carthage sacked
58 First Triumvirate
24 Battle of Actium
Common Era
Augustus 56
19 Tiberius 23
42 Caligula 4
46 Claudius 13
59 Nero 14
73 Year of three 1
Vespasian 10
83 Titus 2
85 Domitian 15
100 Nerva 2
102 Trajan 19
121 Hadrian 21
142 Antoninus 23
165 Marcus 19
165 Lucius 8
180 Commodus 17
197 Pertinax
197 Didius
197 Septimius 18
202 Caracalla 19
213 Geta 3
221 Macrinus 1
222 Elagabalus 4
226 Alexander 13
239 Maximin 3
242 Gordian I,II,III 6
248 Philip 1st year 5 Millennia Games
253 Decius 2
255 Gallus 2
257 Valerian 7
257 Gallienus 15
272 Claudius II 1
273 Quintillus
274 Aurelian 5
279 Tacitus
280 Probus 6
286 Carus 1
287 Carinus 2
289 Numerian 288 Diocletian 21
289 Maximian 20
309 Constantius 1 309 Galerius 6
310 Severus 1 315 Maximius 2
310 Maxentius 6 317 Licinius 11
310 Constantine 31
341 Constantius II 24
365 Julian 2
367 Jovian 1
368 Valentianian 11 368 Valens 15
379 Gratian 8 383 Theodosius 16
379 Valentianian II 17
399 Honorius 29 399 Arcadius 13
428 Valentianian III 29 412 Theodosius II 42
457 Maximus 454 Marcianus 7
457 Avitus 1 461 Leo + Leo II 17
458 Majorianus 5 478 Zeno 17
463 Severus 4 495 Anastasius 27
467 Anthemius 5 522 Justin 9
472 Olybrius 531 Justinian 5th 38
472 Nepos 2 569 Justin II 13
474 Romulus II 1 582 Tiberius II 4
475 Odocer 16 586 Maurice 20
491 Thodericus 33 606 Phocas 8
524 End 614 Heraclius 31
645 Constantine III
Constans II 27
672 Constantine IV 17
689 Justinian II 10
699 Leontius 3
702 Tiberius III 6
708 Justinian II 2nd 7
715 Philippicus 2
717 Anastasius II 4
721 Leo III 24
745 Constantine V 34
779 Leo IV 5
784 Constantine VI 17
801 Irene 5
806 Nicephorus 9
815 Michael 2
817 Leo V 7
824 Michael II 9
833 Theophilus 13
846 Michael III 25
871 Basil 19
890 Leo VI 25
915 Constantine VII 48
963 Romanus II 4
967 Nicephorus II 6
973 Constantine IX 59
1032 Romanus III 6
1038 Michael IV 8
1046 Constantine X 12
1058 Theodora 2
1060 Michael VI 1
1061 Isaac 2
1063 Constantine XI 8
1071 Romanus IV 4
1075 Michael VII 7
1082 Nicephorus III 3
1085 Alexis 37
1122 John II 25
1147 Manuel 38
1185 Alexius II 2
1187 Andronicus 2
1189 Isaac II 10
1199 Alexis III 8
1207 Alexis IV + V 1
1208 Latin empire 57
1265 Michael VIII 21
1286 Michael IX 46
1332 Andronicus III 14
1346 John V 13
1359 John VI 36
1395 Manuel II 34
1429 John VII 23
1452 Constantine XIII 5
1457 Fall of Constantinople
BCE
753 Roman Era Remus & Romulus 6 years
747 Founding of Rome - April 21st T & Y
715 Romulus end T April 12th
504 Founding of the Republic (250th year) T February 24th
354 Sack of Rome (400th year) T
24 Battle of Actium T October 2nd
CE
4 Augustus' 42nd year - birth of Jesus Y Star of Bethelhem
33 Tiberius' 15th year - baptism of Jesus
37 Tiberius' 19th year - crucifixion non Moon T solar eclipse
48 Claudius (3rd year) 800 years of Rome Sothis date
73 Vespasian 1st year Sothis date
98 Domitian 14th year Sothis date
123 Hadrian 3rd year Sothis date
143 Antoninus Pius 2nd year Old Sothic cycle
147 Antoninus Pius 6th year 900th year of Rome
148 Antoninius 7th year 900 years of Rome Sothis date
222 Macrinus - eclipse Y
248 Phillip the Arab 1st year millennium of Rome
249 Disturbance - March 20th 250 - plague 2/5 T New era equinox
310 Constantius end T
316 Constantine's cross Y
340 Constantine's comet T
369 Valen's 2nd year earthquake and tidal wave T
400 Honorius' 2nd year - earthquake and eclipse T
410 Rome's 1163rd year - solar eclipse Y
461 Marcian end Darkness Michael 1 T
491 Thodericus T
535 Justinian's 5th year - Antioch earthquake Y
672 Constantine IV began T
702 Tiberius III began T
817 Leo V began Y
973 Constantine IX began T
1286 Michael IX began Y
1349 John V (4th) Y Black Plague
1456 Constantinople - comet T
Ancient Britian Chronology BCE
808 Aeneas leaves Troy
Ascanius
Sylvius
747 Brutus leaves Italy and later Greece ariving in Britain after 2 years
745 Brutus rules in Britain 24 years CE
721 Locrin 10 3 Cimbeline 35
711 Guendoloena 15 38 Guiderius Aruiragus 28
696 Maddan 40 66 Marius 40
656 Mempricius 20 106 Coillys 46
636 Ebraucus 40 114 Lucius 59
596 Brutus II 12 173 Severus 21
584 Leil 25 194 Q Victoria 10
559 Hudibras 39 204 Bonosus 27
520 Bladud 20 231 Carausius 4
500 Leir 60 235 Alectus 3
440 Cordeilla 5 238 Asclepiodotus Coellus C 10
435 Cunedagius 33 294 Constantine 25
402 Rivallo 2 319 Octavius 41
400 civil war 360 Maximianus 30
Dunwallo 40 390 Gracianus 19
360 Belinus + 26 409 Constantine II 10
Brennius
334 Gurgiunt 19 322 Vortigerne 4th year 18
315 Guithelin 27 340 Vortimer 6
288 Sisillius 15 346 Vortigerne 2nd 25th year 4
273 Kimarus 3 419 Aurelius Ambrose 11
270 Danius 8 430 Uther Pendragon 30
262 Morvidus 8 460 Arthur 85
254 Gorbonian 11 545
243 Arthgallo 1
242 Elidure 3
239 Arthgallo 2nd 10 545 Constantine III 4
229 Elidure 2nd 1 549 Aurelius Conan 3
228 Peredure + 11 552 Vortiporus 7
Vigenius 7 559 Malgo 22
217 Elidure 3rd 4 581 Careticus 3
213 Regniel 10 584 Q Lazi-... 14
203 Morgan 14 596 Coinmail 45
189 Emnan 6 Condidan 35
183 Iyall 20 Fairnmail 40
163 Rymo 16 616 Cadwan 24
147 Bledud 10 640 Cadwallo 22
137 civil war 20 662 Cadwallader 10
117 Elynguellus 7 672 Famine 11
110 Helie 40 683 Cadwallader 26
70 Lud 11 709 - 27
59 Angrogaenus & 736 Peter 22
Theomantius 7th 758 - 40
53 Cassibellane 33
20 Tenvantius 22 798 End
BCE CE
747 Brutus leaves Italy T & Y 310 Constantius end T
656 Maddan end T 316 Octavius Y
596 Ebraucus end T 430 Uther began T
559 Leil end Y 460 Arthur began T
435 Cordeilla end Y 642 Cadwallader - plague T
354 Belinus 7th year T
203 Regniel end T
455 third Roman consul of Aetius in Gaul Marcian and Valentinian III 454-6
Kings of Kent
5 kings 130
325 - 28
353 - 19
372 - 25
397 - 2
399 - 56
455 Horsa 6
461 Hencgest 27
488 Aese 24
512 Eormenric 48
560 Aethelberht 56
616 Eadbald 24
640 Earconberht 24
664 Ecgberht 9
673 Hlothhere 12
Swaefhard 17
685 Eadric 1
687 Oswine 3
690 Wihtred 35
725 Aethelberht II 37
Eadberht 40
765 Ecgberht II 20
785 Ealhmund 12
797 Eadbert 2
799 Cuthred 9
808 Baldred 17
825 West Saxon
Kings of West Saxon Kings of Scotland
291 9 kings 213 213 14 kings 290
291 - 213 - 18
- 231 - 22
- 253 3 kings 106
- -
- -
- 359 - 33
- 392 4 kings 158
- -
- -
504 Cerdic 20th 36 -
540 Cynric 26 448 - 18
566 Ceawlin 30 466 3 kings 37
596 Ceol 5 -
601 Ceolwulf 14 -
615 Cynegils 31 503 Fergus + Loarn 3
646 Cenwealh 31 506 Domangart 5
677 Seaxburh 1 511 Comgal 24
678 Escwine 2 535 Gauran 22
680 Centwine 8 557 Conal 14
688 Caedwalla 2 571 Aidan 34
690 Ine 37 605 Eoacha-Bur 16
727 Ethelheard 13 621 Kenneth-Cear
740 Cuthred 16 Ferchar 16
756 Sigeberht 1 637 Donal-Breac 5
757 Cynewulf 29 642 Conal II + Dungal 10
786 Brihtric 16 652 Donal-Duin 13
802 Ecgberht 37 665 Maol-Diun 16
839 Ethelwulf 16 681 Ferchar-Fada 21
855 Ethebald 5 702 Eoacha-Rinevel 3
860 Ethelberht 6 705 Ainbhcealah 1
866 Ethelred 6 706 Duncha-Beg 14
872 Alfred the Great 28 720 Eaocha III 13
900 Edward the Elder 25 733 Muredach 3
925 Elfweard 736 Eogan 3
Ethelstan 928 14 739 Aodh-Fin 30
939 Edmund 7 769 Fergus 3
946 Eadred 9 772 Selvach II 24
955 Eadwig 2 796 Eoacha-Annuine IV 30
957 Edward the Martyr 21 826 Dungal 7
978 Ethelred the Unready 35 833 Alpin 3
1013 Swegn Forkbeard 1 836 Kenneth 843 23
1014 Ethelred 2nd term 2 859 Donald 4
1016 Edmund II 863 Constantine 14
Cnut 20 877 Aed 1
1036 Harold Harefoot 4 878 Eochaid 11
1040 Harthacnut 2 889 Donald II 11
1042 Edward II 25 900 Constantine II 42
1067 Harold II 942 Malcom 12
William the Conqueror 21 954 Indulf 8
1088 William II 13 962 Dubh 5
1101 Henry 35 967 Cuilean 4
1136 Stephen 18 971 Kenneth II 24
1154 Henry II 36 995 Constantine III 2
1190 Richard 10 997 Kenneth III 8
1200 John 17 1005 Malcolm II 29
1217 Henry III 56 1034 Duncan 6
1273 Edward 35 1040 MacBeth 17
1308 Edward II 20 1057 Lulach 1
1328 Edward III 50 1058 Malcolm III 35
1378 Richard II 22 1093 Donald Ban + Edmund 4
1400 Henry IV 14 1097 Edgar 10
1414 Henry V 9 1107 Alexander 17
1423 Henry VI 39 1124 David 29
1462 Edward IV 22 1153 Malcolm IV 12
1484 Edward V 1165 William the Lion 49
Richard III 2 1214 Alexander II 35
1486 Henry VII 24 1249 Alexander III 37
1509 Henry VIII 38 1286 Margaret 4
1547 Edward VI 6 1290 Interregnum 2
1553 Jane 1292 John Balliol 4
Mary 5 1296 Interregnum 10
1558 Elizabeth 45 1306 Robert the Bruce 23
1603 James of Scotland 22 1329 David II 42
1625 Charles 24 1371 Robert II 19
1649 Abolishment 4 1390 Robert III 16
1653 Oliver Cromwell LP 5 1406 James 31
1658 Richard Cromwell LP 2 1437 James II 23
1660 Charles II 25 1460 James III 28
1685 James II 4 1488 James IV 25
1689 William III + Mary II 13 1513 James V 29
1702 Anne 12 1542 Mary 25
1714 George 13 1567 James VI King of 59
1727 George II 33 Scotland & England
1760 George III 60
1820 George IV 10
1830 William IV 7
1837 Victoria 64
1901 Edward VII 9
1910 George V 26
1936 Edward VIII 1
1937 George VI 15
1952 Elizabeth II
to the present day
461 Hencgest began T
504 Cerdic began Y
535 Gauran began Y
642 Conal II + Dungal began T
672 Ecgbeht 8th year T
702 Eoacha-Rinevel began T
942 Malcolm began Y
973 Edward's 2nd coronation T&Y
1005 Malcolm II began Y
1014 Ethelred 2nd term began T
1034 Duncan began T
1067 William began Y
1124 David began T
1286 Margaret Y
1486 Henry VII plague T
1567 James VI Y
Bernicia kings Deria Kings South Saxon Kings
430 4 kings 121 446 6 kings 120 331 8 kings 150
430 - 42 446 - 331 - 21
472 - 37 - 352 - 17
509 - 19 - 369 Hawl... 23
538 - 21 - 392 - 17
549 Ida 12 - 409 - 7
561 Interregnum 2 - 416 - 42
563 Glappa 566 Aelle 458 - 9
564 Adda 596 Edwin 467 - 14
572 Aethelric 641 Osric 481 Aelle 14
576 Theodric 642 Oswald 495 - 11
583 Frithuwald 651 Oswine 506 - 5
589 Hussa 660 Oethelwald 511 End
596 Aethelfrith 11th 664 Oswiu
624 Edwin Northumbria East Saxon Kings
641 Eanfrith
642 Oswald 401 10 kings 203
651 Oswiu 13th and 22nd 604 Sabert
Northumbria 616 Sigbert the Little
653 Sigbert the Good
Swidhelm
665 Sibhere + Sebbi
694 End
Northumbria Kings Mercia Kings East Angle Kings
522 4 kings 74 518 6 kings 100 401 7 kings 150
522 - 24 518 - 18 401 -
546 - 18 536 - 22 -
564 - 12 558 - 24 -
576 - 20 582 - 12 -
596 Aethelfrith 11th 594 2 kings 24 -
624 Edwin - -
641 Oswald 2nd year 618 Cearl -
651 Oswiu (Oswy) 635 Penda 551 Wehha
680 Ecgfrith 664 Oswiu 579 Wuffa
685 Aldfrith 670 Wulfhere 3rd 672 586 Tytili
705 Osred 687 Aethelred 606 Raedwald
715 Cenred 716 Cenred 624 Earpwald
717 Osric 721 Ceolred 635 Interregnum
728 Ceolwulf 728 Aethelbald 636 Sigweberht +
736 Eadberht 769 Offa Ecgric
757 Oswulf 808 Ecgfrith 644 Anna
Aethelwald Moll Cenwulf 662 Aethelhere
764 Alhred 833 Ceolwulf 664 Aethelwald
773 Aethelred 835 Beornwulf 671 Aldwulf
777 Aelfwald 837 end 721 Aelfwald
789 Aethelred 2nd 757 end
795 Osbald
Eardwulf
805 Eelfwald II
807 Eanred
840 Aethelred II
847 Osberht
865 end
642 Oswald began T
660 Oethelwald began Y
672 Wulfhere 3rd T
791 Aethelred 2nd T
455 third Roman consul of Aetius in Gaul Marcian and Valentinian III 454-6
Battle of Mountbaton 500
Ella and Ceaulin died same year 592
Earconbert king of Kent died - eclipse of May 3, 664 [May 1st]
Wulfere 3rd year and eclipse of Feb. 14, 672 [Irish annals].
Lothere king of Kent and Egfrid king of Northumbria died same year [685]
Ireland BCE CE
1920 Slainghe mac Deala 1 1 Conchobhar Abhradhruadh 1
1919 Rudhraige mac Deala 2 2 Crimhthann Niadhniar 16
1917 Gann + Geanann 4 18 Cairbre Cinncait 5
1913 Sengann 5 23 Fearadhach Finnfeachtnach 22
1908 Fiachaidh Cennfinnan 5 45 Fiatach Finn mac Daire 3
1903 Rinnal mac Geanann 5 48 Fiacha Finnfolaidh 17
1897 Foidhbhgen mac Sengann 4 65 Elim mac Conra 20
1893 Eochaidh mac Erc 10 85 Tuathal Teachtmhar 30
1883 Breas mac Ealathan 7 115 Mal mac Rochraidhe 4
1876 Nuadhat Airgeatlamh 20 119 Feidhlimidh Reachtmhare 9
1856 Lugh Lamhfhada 40 128 Cathaeir Mor 3
1816 Eochaidh Ollathair 80 131 Conn (Hundred Battles) 35
1736 Dealbhaeth mac Ogma 10 166 Conaire mac Modh - Lamha 8
1726 Fiacha mac Dealbhaeth 10 174 Art mac Conn 30
1716 Mac Cuill, Ceacht, Greine 30 204 Lughaidh mac Maicniadh 30
1686 Eremhon + Emher 1 234 Fearghus Duibhdheadach 1
1685 Eremhon + Emhear 28 235 Cormac mac Art 40
1657 Eithrial mac Faidh 20 275 Eochaidh Gonnat 1
1637 Conmael mac Emer 30 276 Cairbre Liffeachair 17
1607 Tighernmas mac Folloch 77 293 Fothadh Cairptheach 1
1530 Halloween 3/4 die inter (7) 294 Fiacha Sraibhtine 37
1530 Eochaidh Eadghadhach 4 331 Colla Uais mac Doimhlen 4
1526 Sobhairce + Cearmna Finn 40 335 Muireadhach Tireach 30
1486 Eochaidh Faebhar-ghlas 20 365 Caelbhadh mac Crunn Badhrai 1
1466 Fiacha Labhrainne 24 366 Eochaidh Muighmheadoin 8
1442 Eochaidh Mumho 21 374 Crimhthann mac Fidhach 13
1421 Aengus Olmucadha 18 387 Niall of the Nine Hostages 27
1403 Enna Airgtheach 27 414 Dathi mac Fiachra 23
1376 Roitheachtaigh mac Maen 25 437 Laeghaire (4th) Patrick 30
1351 Sedna mac Airtri 5 467 Oilioll Molt mac Dathi 20
1346 Fiacha Finscothach 20 487 Lughaidh mac Laeghaire 25
1326 Muinemhon mac Cais !plague 5 512 Muircheartach (Muirdhaigh) 24
1321 Faildeargdoid 10 536 Tuathal Maelgarbh 11
1311 Ollamh Fothla (Eochaidh) 40 547 Diarmaid mac Fearghus 5th 20
1271 Finnachta O !plague (20) 22 567 Domhnall + Fearghus macs M 3
1249 Slanoll mac Ollamh Fothla 17 570 Eochaidh D + Baedar M 2
1232 Gedhe Ollghothach 12 572 Ainmire mac Sedna 3
1220 Fiacha Finnailches 20 575 Baedan mac Ninnidh 1
1200 Bearnghal mac Gedhe 12 576 Aedh mac Ainmire 27
1188 Oilioll mac Slanoll 16 603 Aedh Slaine + Colman Rimidh 6
1172 Sirna mac Dian 150 609 Aedh Uairidnach 7
1022 Roitheachtaigh mac Roan 7 616 Maelcobha mac Aedh 3
1015 Elim Oillfinshneachta 1 619 Suibhne Meann mac Fichna 13
1014 Giallchaidh mac Oilioll 9 632 Domhnall mac Aedh mic A 16
1005 Art Imleach mac Elim (6) 12 648 Conall Cael + Ceallach 17
993 Nuadhat Finnfail 40 665 Diarmaid mac Slaine + (8th) 8
953 Breas mac Art Imleach 9 Blathmac S May, 3rd eclipse
944 Eochaidh Apthach 1 673 Seachnasach mac Blathmac 5
943 Finn mac Bratha 22 678 Ceannfaeladh mac Blathmac 4
921 Sedna Innarraigh 20 682 Finnachta mac Fleadhach 20
901 Simon Breac mac Aedh Glas 6 702 Loingseach mac Aenghus 8
895 Duach Finn mac Sedna 10 710 Congal of Ceann Maghair 7
885 Muireadhach Bolgrach 1 717 Fearghal mac Maelduin 10
884 Enda Dearg died of plague 12 727 Fogartach mac Niall 1
872 Lughaidh Iardonn mac Enda 9 728 Cinaeth mac Irgalach 3
863 Sirlamh mac Finn 16 731 Flaithbheartach 7
847 Eochaidh Uaircheas 12 738 Aedh Allen mac Fearghal 9
835 Eochaidh F + Conaing B 5 747 Domhnall mac Murchadh 20
830 Lughaidh Laimhdhearg 7 767 Niall Frosach mac Fearghal 7
823 Conaing Begeaglach 2nd 20 774 Donnchadh mac Domhnall 27
803 Art mac Lughaidh 6 801 Aedh Oirdnidhe mac Niall 25
797 Fiacha Tolgrach 10 826 Conchobhar mac Donnchadh 14
787 Oilioll Finn mac Art 11 840 Niall Caille mac Oirdnidhe 13
776 Eochaidh mac Oilioll Finn 7 853 Maelseachlainn 16
769 Airgeatmhar mac Sirlamh 30 869 Aedh Finnliath mac Niall 16
739 Duach Ladhgrach 10 885 Flann Sinna 38
729 Lughaidh Laighdhe 7 923 Niall Glundubh mac Aedh 3
722 Aedh Ruadh mac Badharn 1st 7 926 Donnchadh mac Flann Sinna 25
715 Dithorba mac Deman 1st 7 951 Conghalach mac Maelmithigh 12
708 Cimbaeth mac Fintan 1st 7 963 Domhnall mac Muircheartach 24
701 Aedh Ruadh 2nd 7 987 Maelseachlainn Mor 17th 23
694 Dithorba 2nd 7 1010 Brian Borg mac Ceinneidigh 12
687 Cimbaeth 2nd 7 1022 Maelseachlainn Mor 2nd 8
680 Aedh Ruadh 3rd 7 1030 Interregnum 20
673 Dithorba 3rd 7 1050 Diarmaid mac Mael-na-mbos 30
666 Cimbaeth 3rd 7 1080 Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain 14
659 Macha + Cimbaeth 7 1094 Muircheartach Ua Briain 33
652 Macha of the Golden Hair 7 1127 Domhnall mac Ardghar 2
645 Reachtaidh Righdhearg 20 1129 Interregnum 15
625 Ugaine Mor (the Great) 40 1144 Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobh 20
585 Laeghaire Lorc mac Mor 2 1164 Muircheartach Ua Lochlainn 10
583 Cobhthach Cael Breagh 50 1174 Ruaidhri Ua Conchobhair 16
533 Labhraidh Loingseach Maen 19 1190 end
514 Melghe Molbhthach 17
497 Modhcorb mac Caemh 7
490 Aenghus Ollamh 18
472 Irereo mac Melghe 7
465 Fearcorb Mac Modhcorb 11
454 Connla Caemh mac Irereo 20
434 Oilioll Caisfhiaclach 25
409 Adamair mac Fearcorb 5
404 Eochaidh Ailtleathan 17
387 Fearghus Fortamhail 11
376 Aenghus Tuirmheach 60
316 Conall Collamhrach 5
311 Nia Sedhamain mac Adhamair 7
304 Enna Aighneach 20
284 Crimhthann Cosgrach 4
280 Rudhraighe mac Sithrighte 70
210 Innathmar mac Nia 9
201 Breasal Boidiobhadh 11 mortality
190 Lughaidh Luaighne 15
175 Congal Claroineach 15
160 Duach Dallta Deadhadh 10
150 Fachtna Fathach mac Rossa 16
134 Eochaidh Feidhleach 12
122 Eochaidh Aireamh mac Finn 15
107 Ederscel mac Eoghan 5
102 Nuadha Neacht mac Sedna 1/2
Clann - Eimhir - Finn 1/2
101 Conaire Mor mac Ederscel 70
31 Interregnum 5
26 Lughaidh Sriabh-ndearg 26
Common Era
BCE
Tighernmas end 1530 T 3/4 of the island died
Muinemhon end 1321 T King dies of plague
Finnachta end 1249 T King dies of plague
Sirna between 1171-1021 Plague
Enda end 872 Y King dies of plague
Breasal between 201-191 Severe animal mortality
CE
Laeghaire 6th 442 Y St. Patrick destroys idol
Diarmaid 5th 551 T Plague; 1/3 die
Diarmaid + 8th 672 T Eclipse Feb 14th
Blathmac The Yellow Plague
Finnachta (20) mid 692 Y Severe animal mortality
Fearghal 8th 724 Y Shower of silver, honey, + blood
Donnchadh 13th 786 Y Terrible thunder + lightning
Aedh Finnliath 15th 883 T Great storm and showers of Blood
Donnchadh Sinna 15th? 940 Y Fire from Heaven
Maelseachlainn 17th 1003 T Lightning of Vengence
Egyptian chronology BCE
The Ten Kings Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
3398 Athothis 62 2045 Mentuhotpe II 14th 1018 Amosis 25
3336 Athothis II 57 2007 Mentuhotpe III 12 993 Tuthmosis 13
3279 Kenkenes 31 1995 Mentuhotpe IV 3 980 Amenophis 20
3248 Uenephes 42 1992 Atepmun 15 960 Tuthmosis II 12
3206 Usapaidos 20 959 Q Hatshepsut 21
3186 Meibidos 26 1983 Ammenemes 20 948 Tuthmosis III 42
3160 Semempses 41 1963 Sesostris 29th 45 906 Amenophis II 26
3119 Bieneches 26 1918 Ammenemes II 33 880 Tuthmosis IV 31
3093 Sirius 18 1885 Sesostris II 19 849 Amenophis III 37
3075 Chnubos 22 1866 Sesostris III 36 812 Akhenaten 22
1830 Ammenemes III 44 790 Smenkhkare 1
3053 Menes 363rd 28 1786 Ammenemes IV 9 789 Tutankhamun 9
3025 Iti 46 1777 Q Sobkneferu 4 780 Ay 4
2979 Itef 7
2972 Iterty 23 1773 Saites 19 776 Ammenemes VII 20
2949 Khasty 14 1754 Bnon 44 756 Ammenemes VIII 5
2935 Merpebia 52 1710 Pachnan 61 751 Thuoris 7
2883 Irynetjer 8 1649 Staan 50
2875 Qaa 25 1599 Khamudy 9 812 Ramess Aegyptus 66
1590 Khyan 20 749 Ammenophis 40
2850 Hetep 38 1570 Apopi 41
2812 Nubneter 39 766 Tefnakhte 38
2773 Nynetjer 44 1529 Piankhi 26 728 Bocchoris 6
2729 Weneg 19 1503 Shabaka 12
2710 Sened 14 1491 Shabataka 8 722 Sabacon 14
2696 Peribsen 15 1483 Taharka 26 710 Sebeco 12
2681 Neferkasokar 8 1457 Tanutamon 7 698 Taracus 26
2673 Khasekhem 20
2653 Khasekhemuy 27 1450 Thoum 10 706 12 king period 15
2626 Djoser 20 1440 Smendes 26 691 Ramesses 19
2606 Nebka 19 1414 Amenemnisu 4 672 Seti 54
2587 Teti 7 1410 Psusennes 46 624 Ramesses II 33
2580 Nebkare 6 1364 Amenemope 9 591 Seti II 6
2574 Huni 24 1355 Osokhor 6
1349 Siamun 20 585 Apries 19
2550 Sneferu 24 1329 Psusennes II 19
2526 Cheops 23 566 Amasis 24
2503 Redjedef 8 1310 Sheshonk 21 542 Seti III
2495 Chephren 27 1289 Osorkon 24
2468 Baufre 7 Sheshonk II Cambyses II 5th 3
2461 Mycerinus 28 1265 Takeloti 15 539 Darius 36
2433 Shepseskaf 7 1250 Osorkon II 37 503 Xerxes 21
2426 Thamphthis 9 1213 Takeloti II 25 482 Artaxerxes 40
1199 Sheshonk III 52 442 Xerxes II
2417 Userkaf 28 1147 Piami 6 Darius II 19
2389 Sahure 12 1141 Sheshonk IV 37
2377 Neferirkare 21 1104 Osorkon IV 23 424 Amyrteos 6
2356 Shepseskare 7
2349 Neferefre 17 1083 Pedubast 25 418 Nepherites 5
2332 Nyuserre 11 1058 Sheshonk V 6 413 Mouthis 2
2321 Menkauhor 8 1052 Osorkon III 24 411 Psamut 1
2313 Djedkare 28 1028 Takeloti III 7 410 Hakoris 12
2285 Unas 30 1021 Amenrud 3 398 Nepherites II
1018 Input 31
2255 kingless period 6 403 Sethnakhte 2
1622 Anat-Her 20 401 Ramesses III 32
2249 Teti 7 1602 User-anat 18 372 Ramesses IV 4
2242 Userkare 6 1584 Semqen 15 368 Ramesses VI 28
2236 Pepi 20 1569 Zaket 21
2216 Merenre 6 1548 Wasa 21 340 Artaxerxes III 2
2210 Pepi II 94 1527 Qar 26 338 Arses 2
2116 Merenre II 1 1501 Pepi III 12 336 Darius III 4
Q Nitocris 12 1489 Bebankh 22
2104 Neferka 20 1467 Nebmaatre 15 332 Alexander III 8
2084 Kufe 2 1452 Nikare II 19 324 Philip III 8
2082 Kakare Ibi 4 1433 Aahotepre 12 316 Alexander IV 6
2078 - 2 1421 Aneterire 28
2076 - 1 1393 Nubankhre 17 331 Ptolemy Soter 40
1376 Nubuserre 18 291 Ptolemy II 36
2128 Menkare 1 1358 Khauserre 15 255 Ptolemy III 9th 25
2127 Neferkare 1 1343 Khamure 23 230 Ptolemy IV 19
2126 Nefers II 1 1320 Jacob-Baal 13 211 Ptolemy V 8+24 32
2125 Neferkare Neby 1 1307 Yakbam 14 179 Ptolemy VI 36
2124 Tefkara Mara 1 1293 Yoam 13 169 Ptolemy VIII 6
2123 Neferkare Khendu 1 1280 Amu 19 Antiochus IV 1
2122 Merenhor 1261 Seneferankhre Apopi 143 Ptolemy VII 29
Seneferka 1 1237 End 114 Ptolemy VIII 9
2121 Nykare 1 105 Ptolemy IX 20
2120 Neferkare Tereru 1 1457 Sehetepibre 85 Ptolemy VIII 8
2119 Neferkahor 1 Khutawire Wegaf 2 77 Ptolemy X
2118 Neferkare Pepy 1 1455 Sekhemre 6 Ptolemy XI 29
2117 Seneferka Annu 1 1449 Amenemhat 3 48 Ptolemy XII 4
2116 Ankare Ibi II 1 1446 Sehetepibre II 1 44 Cleopatra VII 20
2115 Neferkaure 1 1445 Iufeni 24 Rome
2114 Neferkamin Anu 2 Amenemhat VI
2112 Neferauhor 1 Semenkare 4
2111 Wadjkare 4 1441 Sehetepibre III 3 1440 Nahasi-(ra 390
2107 Sekhemkare 2 1438 Sewadjkare 6 Nebfawre
2105 Ibi III 4 1432 Nedjemibre Sehabre
2101 Imhotep 1 Sebekhotep Merdefare
2100 Uatchkara 1 Renseneb 4m Nebdjefare
2099 Neferirkare II 1 Hor 7 Webenre
1425 Amenemhat VII -
Sebekhotep II [...]djefare
Khendjer [...]webenre
Imire-mesha Awibre
Antef IV Heribre
Seth Nebsenre
Sebekhotep III 1 -
1424 Neferhotep 11 Sekheperenre
1413 Sihathor 3m Djedkherure
Sobkhotpe IV 15 Sankhibre
1398 Neferhotep II 46 Nefertemkare
1352 Djedhetepre 3 Semkhem[...]re
1349 Djedneferre 10 Kakemure
1339 Mershepesre Ini 2 Neferibre
1337 Mentuemsaf 1 I[...]re
1336 Mentuhotep V 1 Kha[...]re
1335 [Bz...]mentuwoser Aakare
Senwosret IV 1 Semen[...]re
1334 Wepwawetemsaf 1 Djed[...]re
1333 Senebmiu -
Sobkhotpe V 4 -
1329 Ibya 11 -
1318 Menoffire Ai 24 -
1294 Merhetepre S VI 2 -
1292 Mersekhemre N 3 5 -
1287 Merkaure 2 Senefer[...]re
(Sobkhotpe VII) Menibre
1285 - 19 Djed[...]re
1266 - 21 -
1245 Sebekhotep VIII 26 -
1219 Menkhaure Senaaib -
1203 End -
Inenek
Ineb
Ap[...]
Hibi
Apel
Hapi
Shemsi
Meni
Menoffire Ai Werqa[...]
-
-
[...]kare
-
[...]kare Hap[...]
[...]kare Anati
[...]kare Bebenmi
-
I[...]
Seth 24
Sainu 32
Hor 21
- 26
- 22
1286 Enibef 18
1268 Mer?en?... 12
1256 Penensetensepet 41
1215 Kherhemwat 32
1183 Khuhemwat 21
1162 Mare Sebekhotep IX
1153 4 kings 103
-
-
-
2116 Abmerira Khety 1 1050 End
2115 Neferhotep VI 1
2114 Khety II 1
2113 Senen(re) 1 786 Osorkon 20
2112 Kety III 1 766 Tefnakhte 38
2111 Shed...y 1 728 Bocchoris 6
2110 H[ezi] 1 722 Tefnakhte II 27
2109 Wahkare Khety 15
2094 Meriaah 1 776 Kashta 14
2093 Neferhotep VII 1 1168 Inyotef V 10 762 Piye 31 40
2092 Se...re Khety V 1 1158 Rehotpe 4 712 Ammeris 12 18
2091 Kamerira II 1 1154 Sobkemsaf II 16 700 Stephinates 7 27
2090 Nebkaure Khety 1 1140 Djehuti 1 693 Sethos 6 20
2089 Meryibre Khety 1 1139 Mentuhotpe VI 1
1138 Nebiryerawet 19 704 Horemheb 31
2098 Meryhathor 48 1123 Nebiryerawet II 1
2050 Neferkare IV } 1122 Interregnum 2 673 Ramesses I 1
Wankare } 1120 Semenenre 674 Tanwetamani 11
Neferkare V } Seuserenre 16 (Tandamane)
Merykare } 2 1106 Sebekemsaf II 28
599 Merenptah 5th 8
2131 Mentuhotpe } 1110 Inyotef VI 10 591 Amenmesses 6
Inyotef }16 1102 Inyotef VII 24 585 Siptah 6
2115 Inyotef II 27th 49 1080 Tao the Elder 59 579 Q Tausert 2
2066 Inyotef III 8 1024 Tao the Brave
2058 Mentuhotpe II 51 Kamose 6 338 Khababash 6
The Turin document for the Egyptian 13th dynasty is in a very damaged
condition after the 29th king to the start of the 14th dynasty. I
reordered the known kings of the 13th dynasty into two complete groups,
which is not unreasonable due to the condition of the document, in order
to see if placing Donovan A. Courville's 13th dynasty choice of Menoffire
Ai as Menophreus would fit the known date of 1318 BCE. It slipped into
place without effort which would seem to confirm the reordering since
Neferhotep is independently proved and synchronizes the entire dynasty as
well as the 14th. Documents state:
Neferhotep 1st year equals Yantin 5th year = 1424 BCE
Yantin 9th year equals Zimri Lim 1st year = 1420 BCE
Zimri Lim 7th year equals Hammurabi 35th year = 1413 BCE
BCE
Sothic 5698 22nd Sothic cycle 1460
Moon 5114 Y waged beyond reckoning from 14 day orbit to 26
new spring equinox 3760 Victorian cycles of 25 years for Sothis dates
Ten Kings Era 3398 Athothis - kings of men not gods
Mestraim Era 3398 Lower Kingdom
Uenephes 3248 T Famine
Sesonchosis 3119 Mid Holocene gravity event - (Semempses) calamity
Menes 3037 T War uniting the 2 lands ends a year afterwards
in the 363rd year of the Era of Mestraim
Hetep 2812 Y Earthquake (Beothis) - (Bochus) at Bubastus huge
hole swallowing many - Early Bronze Age I ends
irregular dendrochronology ring 2811 BCE
Concharis 6th 2778 Sothic 24th cycle 1460
Sened (2nd) 2706 T Nile flowed with honey 11 days (Sethenes)
Djoser began 2616 T Moon waxed beyond reckoning (Necherophoes)
End of 3rd dynasty 2550 Hall of Records closed on Sabbath & Jubilee year
Cheops began 2526 T
Unas end 2255 T Calamity - Early Bronze Age II ends
irregular dendrochronology ring 2254 BCE
Kingless period 2255 T six year interregnum
Teti began 2249 Y 6th dynasty begins after 6 year kingless period
irregular dendrochronology ring 2248 BCE
Q Nitocris end 2104 T Queen and top officials are killed
Mentuhotpe II 9th 2150 Battle - MK start dated after 9th year
Middle Kingdom 2045 T (14th) year of Mentuhotpe II
Sesostris III 4th 1863 T Joseph 17 years old sold into Egypt
Sesostris III 7th 1860 Sothis date Pharmuthi 16th July 14th
Sesostris III 1842 Y (25th) start of 9 year war and 7 year famine
Sesostris III 1833 T (34th) end of 9 year war - Jacob dies
Ogyges Flood 1530 T Moses born 3 months prior to flood of October 31
Piankhi began 1529 Y Foreign Kings for 511 years began & 16th dynasty
Shepherd Kings 1440 T 14th dynasty began
Menoffire Ai 1318 Sothic 25th cycle 1460 Era of Menophreus
Psusennes II end 1310 Y
Sheshonk end 1289 T
Osorkon II 3rd 1248 Y flood
Takeloti II 15th 1199 T omen June 8th
Sheshonk III 15th 1185 Y flood
Inyotef V began 1168 T Mare Sebekhotep IX
Seuserenre 11th 1110 Sothis date
Pedubast 6th 1078 T
New Kingdom 1018 T
Amosis 9th 1010 Sothis date
Amosis 20th 998 Y 999 BCE
Tuthmosis II (1st) 960 Sothis date
Tuthmosis III 23rd 927 T 926 BCE year new Moon
Akhenaten 5th 808 T
Ay end 776 T
Thuoris (5th) 747 T&Y
Sethos end 687 T
Merenptah 5th 595 T
Ramesses II end 591 Y
Amasis began 566 T
Ramesses VI 9th 360 Nectanebo II - Last old style Sothis date
Ramesses VI 15th 354 T First years of 365.25 days begins
Ramesses VI 16th 353 T New era (Victorian cycles 25 years) Sothis cycle
Artaxerxes III 20th 340 Y Persia reconquers Egypt
Alexander III end 324 T
Alexander IV end 310 Y
Ptolemy co-reign 294 T
Ptolemy II (14th) 278 Y
Ptolemy III 9th 247 Y Asacid Era
Ptolemy V 9th 203 T New era Sothis date
Ptolemy VI 2nd 178 Sothis date
Ptolemy VI 7th 173 T
Ptolemy VII began 143 T
Ptolemy VIII (2nd) 113 T
Cleopatra VII end 24 T
The Book of Sothis BCE Ramesses III = Nectanebo I
Ramesses IV = Teos
1 Mestraim 35 3398 Ramesses VI = Nectanebo II
2 Kourodes 63 3363
3 Aristarchus 34 3300
4 Spanius 36 3266
5 + 6 (72)
7 Osiropis 23 3230
8 Sesonchosis 41 49 3207
9 Amenemes 29 3166
10 Amasis 2 3137
11 Acesephthres 13 3135
12 Anchoreus 9 3122
13 Armiyses 4 3113
14 Chamois 12 3109
15 Miamus 14 3097
16 Amesesis 65 3083
17 Uses 50 3018
18 Rameses 29 2968
19 Rames(s)omenes 15 2939
20 Usimare(s) 31 2924
21 Ramesseseos 23 2893
22 Ramessameno 19 2870
23 Ramesse Iubasse 39 2851
24 Ramesses, son of Uaphres 29 2812
25 Concharis 5th year 700th 5 2783
620 years to Sothic cycle 2778
The 72 years for kings #5 and #6 plus 8 additional years from king #8 equals
80 years too many for the period from the start of the kingdom to the 24th
Sothic cycle at 2778 BCE.
Assyrian chronology BCE
Kings in tents Traditional
2520 Cush son of Shem 60
2460 Nimrod (Ninus) 56
2404 Belus 55
2349 Ninus II 52
2297 Semiramis (Ishtar) 42
2255 Ninyas (Zames) 38
2217 Arish (Arioch) 30
2151 Imsu 14 2187 Aralius (Amyrus) 40
2137 Hanu 10 2147 Xerxes (Balaeus) 30
2127 Nuabu 18 2117 Armamithres 38
2109 Apiasal 27 2079 Belochus 35
2082 Ushpia 11
2071 Belu 3
2068 Interregnum 23
2045 Zariqum 23 2044 Balaeus 52
2022 Iakmeni 33 1992 Sethos Zaztagus Atadas 35 Altallus
1989 Tudija 27 1957 Mamythus 30
1962 Jangi 32 1927 Aschalius (Mcchaleus) 30 28
1930 Iazkur-ilu 17 1897 Shaperus 20 22
1913 Aminu 24 1877 Mamylus 30
1889 Kikkia 14 1847 Sparaethus (Spartheus) 42 Spareus
1875 Akia 27 1805 Ascatades 38
1848 Hale 9 1767 Amyntes 45
1839 Ilu-mer 6 1722 Belochus 25
1833 Interregnum 10 1674 Beletares (Belochus) 45 34
1823 Samani 26 1629 Attosa (Semiramis II) 7
1797 Haynai 18
1779 Interregnum 11
1768 Iakmesi 12
1756 Azuzu 10
1746 Interregnum 15
1731 Ilushuma 46
1685 Shallim-ahum 32
1653 Puzur-Assur 24
1629 Erisum 40 1622 Beletares Keeper Royal 30 Gardens
1589 Ikunum 14 1592 Lamprides 32
1575 Sharru-kin 40 1560 Sosares 20
1535 Naram-Suen 27 1540 Lampares 30
1508 Erisum II 20 1510 Panyas 45 42
1488 Samsi-Adad 33 1465 Sosarmus 19 22
1455 Isme-Dagan 40 1446 Mithraeus 35
1411 Teutamus 32 31
1415 Assur-dugul 6 1379 Teutaeus 44 40
1410 Assur-apal-idi 1 1335 Thinaeus 29 30
Nasir-Sin 1306 Dercylus 40
Sin-namir 1266 Empacmes 38
Ipqi-Istar 1228 Laosthenes 45
Adad-salulu 1183 Pertiades 30
Adasi 1153 Ophrataeus 21
1409 Belu-bani 10 1132 Ephecheres (Ophrtanes) 52
1399 Libaja 17 1080 Acraganes 42
1382 Sarma-Adad 12 1038 Thonos Concolerus 20
1370 Iptar-Sin 12 1018 end
1358 Bazaja 28
1330 Lullaja 6 Teutaeus 24th year
1324 Kidin-Ninua 14 1355 Mithraeus began 26
1310 Sarma-Adad II 3 1329 Arabelus 42
1307 Erisum III 13 1287 Chalaus 45
1242 Anebus 38
1294 Samsi-Adad II 6 1204 Babius (Tautamus II) 37
1288 Isme-Dagan II 16
1272 Samsi-Adad III 16 1167 Ninurta-apil-Ekur 3
1256 Assur-nirari 26 seized the throne
1230 Puzur-Assur III 24
1206 Enlil-nasir 13
1193 Nur-ili 12
1181 Assur-saduni 1 month
Assur-rabi 4
1177 Assur-nadin-ahhe 10
1167 Ninurta-apil-Ekur 13 son of Ilu-ihadda seized throne
1154 Assur-dan 36
1118 Ninurta-tukulti-Assur
Mutakkil-Nusku 1
1117 Assur-res-isi 18
1099 Tiglath-pileser 39 end of reign chaos - dendro event
1060 Asarid-apil-Ekur 2
1058 Assur-bel-kala 18
1040 Eriba-Adad II 2
1038 Samsi-Adad IV 4
1034 Assurnasirpal 19
1015 Shalmaneser I [II] 12
1003 Assur-nirari II 6
997 Assur-rabi II 41
956 Assur-res-isi II 5
951 Tiglath-pileser II 32 33 Assur kings
919 Assur-dan II 23
896 Adad-nirari I 21 20 888 - died at 55 4
875 Tukulti-Ninurta II 7 884 -Zi- died at 62 9
868 Assurnasirpal II 25 875 -Bel died at 55 13
846 Shalmaneser II [III] 29 862 Enlil-nasir II 6
817 Arbaces the Mede 1 856 Assur-nirari III 7
816 Semiramis III 24 849 Assur-bel-nisesu 9
808 Samsi-Adad V 13 840 Assur-rim-nisesu 8
795 Adad-nirari II 28 832 Eriba-Adad 27
767 Shalmaneser III [IV] 10 805 Assur-uballit 36
757 Assur-dan III 18 769 Enlil-nirari 10
739 Assur-nirari IV 8 759 Arik-den-ili 12
731 Interregnum 2 747 Adad-nirari 32
729 Tiglath-pileser III 19 717 Shalmaneser IV [V & I] 30
710 Sennacherib 23 687 Tukulti-Ninurta 37
687 Esarhaddon 11 652 Assur-nadin-apli 4
676 Assurbanipal 42 648 Assur-nirari V 6
634 Assur-etel-ilani 5 642 Enlil-kudurri-usur 13
Sin-sumu-lisir 1 629 Belkudur-usur 5
632 Sin-sar-iskun 10 624 Fall of Assur
622 Fall of Nineveh in March
622 Assur-uballit II 2
620 Fall of Assyrian Empire at Haran Abu 12 (July 24)
Semiramis end 2255 BCE T
Sulili a contemporary of Mamylus
Semiramis II end 1622 BCE T Battle of India
Belu-bani start 1409 BCE T Year 38 Hammurabi - polar reversal
Puzur-Assur III 1230 BCE T Puzur-Assur III is Ninus 520
Tiglath-pileser end 1060 BCE Y chaos
Assurnasirpal II 1st year 868 BCE T Calah founded
Shalmaneser II[I] 6th year 838 BCE T Assur-rim-nisesu (3rd) year
Assur-dan III (11th) year 747 BCE T+Y plague
Sargon II 710 BCE last 5 years as king of Babylon
Shalmaneser IV [V & I] 709 BCE 9th year
Sennacherib end 687 BCE T
Tukulti-Ninurta II [I] 1st 687 BCE T earthquake - destruction of Babylon
Sack of Nineveh March 13th 622 BCE Y Assur-uballit II start in Haran
Fall of Assyria 620 BCE Ninus 520 years previous
Assur-dugul began to reign in Year 32 of Hammurabi
Assurnasirpal II last three years co-reign with son Shalmaneser II [III]
Semiramis II = Puzur-Assur IV
Semiramis III co-reigned with her son's (Adad-nirari II) first 3 years
Sargon II only has 14 eponyms with last 5 synchronized with Sennacherib first 5
Shalmaneser IV [V & I] 5 eponyms are the first 5 years of Sennacherib
Enlil-kudurri-usur kills Adad-shuma-usur?
Assur-etel-ilani and Enlil-kudurri-usur died in the same battle
Eponyms:
896 Adad-nerare II king of Assyria
895 Shei-Ashur governor of Kilizi
894 Ashur-dainanni
893 Ashur-deni-amur
892 Barmu
891 Abi....
890 Ashur-taklak
889 Q[urdi-ili]ma?
888 ...inanni
887 Dur-mati-Ashur
886 Illeqayu
885 Ninuayu
884 Likberu
883 Adad-ahu-iddin governor of the citadel
882 Adad-dan
881 Ina-iliya-allak
880 Shamash-abua
879 Shamash-belu-usur
878 Nergal-zar...me?
877 Tab-eter-Ashur
876 Ashur-la-kenu-ubasha
875 Tukulti-Ninurta II king of Assyria
874 Taklak-ana-beliya
873 Abu-ilayu
872 Ilu-milku
871 Naid-ilu
870 Yari
869 Ashur-shezibanni
868 Ashurnasirpal II king of Assyria
867 Ashur-iddin
866 Miqti-adur
865 Sha-ilima-damqa
864 Dagan-belu-nasir
863 Ninurta-piya-usur
862 Ninurta-belu-usur
861 Ishshiak-Ashur-lilbur
860 Shamash-upahhir
859 Nergal-apil-kumua chief of palace governor of Kalah
858 Qurdi-Ashur
857 Ashur-lei
856 Ashur-natkil
855 Bel-mudammiq
854 Dayan-Ninurta
853 Ishtar-emuqaya governor of Tushhan
852 Shamash-nuri
851 Mannu-dan-ana-ili
850 Shamash-belu-usur
849 Ninurta-ilaya
848 Ninurta-eteranni
847 Ashur/Nergal-ilaya
846 Neral-nirka-dain
845 Tab-belu
844 Sharru-balti-nishi
843 Shalmaneser III king of Assyria
842 Ashur-belu-kain commander
841 Ashur-bunaya-usur chief butler
840 Abi-ina-ekalli-lilbur palace herald
839 Dayan-Ashur commander
838 Shamash-abua governor of Nisibin
837 Shamash-belu-usur governor of Kalah
836 Bel-bunaya palace herald
835 Hadi-lipushu governor of Nairi
834 Nergal-alik-pani
833 Bur-Ramman
832 Ninurta-mukin-nishi
831 Ninurta-nadin-shumi
830 Ashur-bunaya
829 Tab-Ninurta
828 Taklak-ana-sharri governor of Nemed-Ishtar
827 Adad-remanni
826 Shamash-abua [to the] cedar [mountain]
825 Shulmu-beli-lamur [to Arz]uhina to Que
824 Ninurta-kibsi-usur of Rasappa to Malahi
823 Ninurta-ilaya [of Ahi]zuhina to Danabi
822 Qurdi-Ashur [of] Raqmat to Tabal
821 Shep-sharri [of H]abruri to Melid
820 Nergal-mudammiq [of N]ineveh to Namri
819 Yahalu chamberlain to Que
818 Ululayu [of Ki]lizi to Que
817 Sharru-hattu-ipel to Que; the great god went from Der
817 Shalmaneser (III) king of Assyria to Mannea revolt
816 Dayan-Ashur revolt
815 Ashur-bunaya-usur revolt
814 Yahalu revolt
813 Bel-bunaya revolt
812 Yahalu revolt
811 Semiramis III
811 Nergal-ilaya [of Is]ana to Urartu
810 Hubayu [of ...]hi to Unqi
809 Ilu-mukin-ahi [of ...h]a to Ulluba
808 Shamshi-Adad V king of Assyria
807 Yahalu
806 Bel-dan palace herald
805 Ninurta-ubla to Mannea
804 Shamash-ilaya [to ...]shumme
803 Nergal-ilaya governor of [ ] to Tille
802 Ashur-bunaya-usur chief butler to Tille
801 Sharri-hattu-ipel governor of Nisibin to Zarate
800 Bel-lu-balat commander to Der; the great god went to Der
799 Musheknish governor of Habruri to Ahsana
798 Ninurta-ashared governor of Raqmat to Kaldu
797 Shamash-kumua governor of Arrapha to Babylon
796 Bel-qate-sabat governor of Mazamua of the land
795 Adad-nerari III king of Assyria to Media
794 Nergal-ilaya commander to Guzana
793 Bel-dan palace herald to Mannea
792 Sil-beli chief butler to Mannea
791 Ashur-taklak chamberlain to Arpad
790 Ilu-issiya governor of the land to Hazazu
789 Nergal-eresh governor Rasappa to Baalu
788 Ashur-balti-ekurri governor of Arrapha to the Sea; plague
787 Ninurta-ilaya of Ahi-zuhina to Hubushkia
786 Shep-Ishtar of Nisibin to Mannea
785 Marduk-ishmanni of Amedi to Mannea
784 Mutakkil-Marduk chief eunuch to Lushia
783 Bel-tarsi-iluma of Kalah to Namri
782 Ashur-belu-usur of Habruri to Mansuate
781 Marduk-shaduni of Raqmat to Der
780 Mukin-abua of Tushhan to Der
779 Mannu-ki-Ashur of Guzana to Media
778 Mushallim-Ninurta of Tille to Media
777 Bel-iqishanni of Shibhinish to Hubushkia
776 Shep-Shamash of Isana to Itua
775 Ninurta-mukin-ahi of Nineveh to Media
774 Adad-mushammer ofKilizi to Media; Nabu temple foundations laid
773 Sil-Ishtar of Arbela to Media; Nabu entered temple in Nineveh
772 Nabu-sharru-usur of Talmusa to Kiski
771 Adad-uballit of Tamnunna to Hubushkia; the great god went to Der
770 Marduk-sharru-usur of Arbela to Hubushkia
769 Ninurta-nasir of Zamua to Itua
768 Iluma-lei of Nisibin to Itua
767 Shalmaneser IV king of Assyria to Urartu
766 Shamshi-ilu commander to Urartu
765 Marduk-remanni chief butler to Urartu
764 Bel-lesher palace herald to Urartu
763 Nabu-ishdeya-kain chamberlain to Itua
762 Pan-Ashur-lamur governor of the land to Urartu
761 Nergal-eresh governor of Rasappa to the ceder mountain
760 Ishtar-duri governor of Nisibin to Namri
759 Mannu-ki-Adad governor of Raqmat to Damascus
758 Ashur-belu-usur governor of Kalah to Hatarikka
757 Ashur-dan III king of Assyria to Gananati
756 Shamshi-ilu commander to Marad
755 Bel-ilaya of Arrapha to Itua
754 Aplaya of Zamua in the land
753 Qurdi-Ashur of Ahizuhina to Gananati
752 Mushallim-Ninurta of Tille to Media
751 Ninurta-mukin-nishi of Habruri to Hatarikka; plague
750 Sidqi-ilu of Tushhan in the land
749 Bur-Saggile of Guzana; revolt in the citadel; in Siwan a solar eclipse
748 Tab-belu of Amedi; revolt in the citadel
747 Nabu-mukin-ahi of Nineveh; revolt in Arrapha
746 La-qipu of Kilizi; revolt in Arrapha
745 Pan-Ashur-lamur of Arbela; revolt in Guzana; plague
744 Ana-beli-taklak of Isana to Gazana; peace in the land
743 Ninurta-iddin of Kurbail in the land
742 Bel-shadua of Tamnunna in the land
741 Iqisu of Shibhinish to Hatarikka
740 Ninurta-shezibanni of Talmusa to Arpad; return from Ashur
739 Ashur-nerari V king of Assyria in the land
738 Shamshi-ilu commander in the land
737 Marduk-shallimanni palace herald in the land
736 Bel-dan chief butler in the land
735 Shamash-kenu-dugul chamberlain to Namri
734 Adad-belu-kain governor of the land to Namri
733 Sin-shallimanni of Rasappa in the land
732 Nergal-nasir of Nisibin; revolt in Kalah
731 Nabu-belu-usur of Arrapha; 13th Ayar T-P III took the throne
730 Bel-dan of Kalah to Namri
729 Tiglath-pileser III king of Assyria to Arpad; Urartu defeated
728 Nabu-dainanni commander to Arpad
727 Bel-Harran-belu-usur palace herald to Arpad; within 3 years taken
726 Nabu-eteranni chief butler to Arpad
725 Sin-taklak chamberlain to Ulluba; citadel captured
724 Adad-belu-kain governor of the land; Kullani conquered
723 Bel-emuranni of Rasappa to Media
722 Ninurta-ilaya of Nisibin to the foot of mount Nal
721 Ashur-shallimanni of Arrapha to Urartu
720 Bel-dan of Kalah to Philistia
719 Ashur-dainanni of Mazamua to Damascus
718 Nabu-belu-usur of Simme to Damascus
717 Nergal-uballit of Ahi-zuhina to Shapiya
716 Bel-lu-dari of Tille in the land
715 Liphur-ilu of Habruri; the king took the hands of Bel
714 Dur-Ashur of Tushhan to Hi[...]; the king took the hands of Bel
713 Bel-Harran-belu-usur of Guzana; Shalmaneser sat on the throne of Babylon
712 Marduk-belu-usur [of Ame]di
711 Mahde of Nineveh
710 Ashur-ishmanni [of Kili]zi
709 Shalmaneser king of Assur took the hands of Bel
708 Ninurta-ilaya
707 Nabu-taris
706 Ashur-nirka-dain
705 Nashur-bel governor of Amedi; 12th Ab Sennacherib took the throne
704 Nabu-deni-epush governor of Nineveh t[o ] Larak, Sarabanu, [ ]
703 Nuhshaya governor of Kilizi
702 Nabu-lei governor of Arbela
701 Hananu governor of Til-Barsip from Halzi-...
700 Metunu governor of Isana; [As]hur-nadin-shumi, son of [Sennacherib]
699 Bel-Sharrani governor of Kurbail
698 Shulmu-sharri governor of Halziatbar
697 Nabu-duru-usur governor of Tamnunna
696 Shulmu-beli governor of Talmusi
695 Ashur-belu-usur governor of Shaluppa/Kadmuhi
694 Ilu-issiya governor of Damascus
693 Iddin-ahhe of Dur-Sharruken
692 Zazaya governor of Arpad
691 Bel-emuranni governor of Carchemish
690 Nabu-kenu-usur governor of Samaria
689 Gihilu governor of Hatarikka
688 Iddin-ahhe governor of Simirra
687 Sennacherib king of Assyria
686 Bel-emuranni commander of the right
685 Ashur-dainanni of Que
684 Manzerne governor of Kullania
683 Mannu-ki-Adad of Supite
682 Nabu-sharru-usur governor of Marash
681 Nabu-ahhe-eresh governor of Samal
680 Dananu governor of Mansuate
679 Issi-Adad-anenu governor of Megiddo
678 Nergal-sharru-usur chief butler
677 Abi-ramu chief vizier
676 Banba chief/second vizier
675 Nabu-ahhe-iddin (chief) chamberlain
674 Sharru-nuri governor of Barhalzi
673 Atar-ilu governor of Lahira
672 Nabu-belu-usur governor of Dur-Sharruken
671 Kanunayu chief judge
670 Shulmu-beli-lashme governor of Der
669 Shamash-kashid-ayabi governor of Asdi[...]
668 Marlarim commander of Kummuh
667 Gabbaru of Dur-Sin-ahhe-eriba
666 Kanunayu governor of the new palace
665 Mannu-ki-sharri palace herald/royal officer
664 Sharru-lu-dari governor of Dur-Sharruken
663 Bel-naid commander
662 Tab-shar-Sin governor of Rasappa
661 Arbailayu chief chamberlain
660 Girsapunu
659 Silim-Ashur second vizier
658 Sha-Nabu-shu chief (eunuch)
657 Labasi revenue officer
656 Milki-ramu colonel
655 Amyanu governor of Que
654 Ashur-nasir
653 Ashur-ilaya chief vizier
652 Ashur-duru-usur governor of Barhalzi
651 Sagabbu governor of Harran
650 Bel-Harran-shadua governor of Tyre
649 Ahu-ilaya governor of Carchemish
648
647
646 Belsunu
645 Nabu-nadin-ahi
644 Nabu-sar-ahhesu; 6 years after Sagabbu
643 Sin-sarru-usur governer of Hindanu
642 Samas-dainanni
641
640
639
638
637
636
635
634
633 Assurbanipal
Assur-sar-usur
Musallim-Assur
Assur-gimilli-tirri
Zababa-eriba
Sin-sar-usur governor of Hindanu
Bel-lu-dari
Bullutu
633 Assurbanipal
633 Assur-etel-ilani
632 Sin-sar-iskun
631
630
629 Bel-sarru-naid
628
627
626
625
624
623
Assur-matu-taqqin
Bel-ahu-usur
Daddi
Nabu-tapputu-alik
Sailu
Salmu-sarru-iqbi
Sin-sarru-usur palace scribe
622 Assur-uballit II
622 Sin-sar-iskun - Sin-kena-idi
621 Sin-kena-idi
620 Assur-uballit II - End of the Assyrian Empire
719 Sargon II king of Assyria
718 Zeru-ibni governor of Rasappa [to Ta]bal
717 Tab-shar-Ashur chamberlain; [Dur-Sharru]ken founded
716 Tab-sil-Esharra governor of the citadel [to] Mannea
715 Taklak-ana-beli governor of Nisibin; governors appointed
714 Ishtar-duri governor of Arrapha [to Ur]artu, Musasir, Haldia
713 Ashur-bani governor of Kalah; the nobels in Ellipa; [t]o Musasir
712 Sharru-emuranni governor of Zamua in the land
711 Ninurta-alik-pani governor of Simme to Marash
710 Shamash-belu-usur governor of Arzuhina to Bit-Zeri; king stayed in Kish
709 Mannu-ki-Ashur-lei governor of Tille; Sargon II took the hands of Bel
708 Shamash-upahhir governor of Habruri; Kummuh conquered; appointed officers
707 Sha-Ashur-dubbu governor of Tushhan; king returned from Babylon
706 Mutakkil-Ashur governor of Guzana; 6th Ayar Dur-Sharruken completed
708 Yahalu chamberlain to Que
707 Ululayu [of Ki]lizi to Que
706 Sharru-hattu-ipel to Que; the great god went from Der
Sumerian/Babylonian chronology BCE
3398 Jucur 1200 20 2045 Deserted 7
3378 Kullassina-bel 900 15 2038 Ishbi-Erra 33
3363 Palakinatim 900 15 2005 Shu-ilishu 10
3348 Nangishlishma 401 420 7 1995 Iddin-Dagan 21
3341 Bahina 300 5 1974 Ishme-Dagan 20
3336 Buanum 840 14 1954 Lipit-Ishtar 11
3322 Kalibum 900 15 1943 Ur-Ninurta 28
3307 Galumum 840 14 1915 Bur-Sin 21
3293 Zukakip 900 15 1894 Lipit-Enlil 5
3278 Atab 600 10 1889 Erra-imitti 8
3268 Mashda 840 14 1881 Enlil-bani 24
3254 Arurim 720 12 1857 Zambia 3
3242 Etana 1500 25 1854 Iter-pisha 4
3217 Balih 410 7 1850 Ur-Dukuga 4
3210 Enmenunna 660 11 1846 Sin-magir 11
3199 Melam-Kish 1560 26 1835 Damiq-ilisu 23
3173 Barsalnunna 1200 20
3153 Meszamug 140 2 1812 Naplanum 21
3151 Tizkar 1620 27 1791 Emisum 28
3124 Ilku 900 15 1763 Samium 35
3109 Iltasadum 1200 20 1728 Zabaia 9
3089 Enmebaraggesi 900 15 1719 Gungunum 27
3075 Agga 625 10 1692 Abisare 11
1681 Sumuel 29
3065 Meskiaggasher 324 5 1652 Nur-Adad 16
3060 Enmerkar 420 7 1636 Sin-iddinam 7
3053 Lugalbanda 1200 20 1629 Sin-eribam 2
3033 Dumuzi 100 2 1627 Sin-iqisham 5
3031 Gilgamesh 126 2 1622 Sili-Adad 1
3029 Urnungal 30 1621 Warad-Sin 12
2999 Udulkalamma 15 1609 Rim-Sin 61
2984 Labasher 9
2975 Ennundaranna 8 1548 Sumuabum 14
2967 Meshede 36 1534 Sumulael 36
2931 Melamanna 900 15 1498 Sabium 14
2916 Lugalkidul 420 7 1484 Apil-Sin 18
1466 Sin-muballit 20
2909 Mesannepadda 80 1 1446 Hammurabi 46
2908 Meskiagnunna 30 1400 Samsuiluna 38
2878 Elulu 25 1362 Abi-eshu 28
2853 Balulu 36 1334 Ammiditana 37
1297 Ammisaduqa 21
2858 - Awan 356 41 1276 Samsuditana 26
2817 - 23
2794 Kul... 36 1250 Ilumael 60
1190 Itti-ili-nibi 56
2758 Susuda +201 3 1134 Damiq-ilisu II 22
2755 Dadasig 81 1 1112 Ishkibal 15
2754 Mamagal 420 7 1097 Shushshi 24
2747 Kalbum 195 3 1073 Gulkishar 55
2744 Tuge 360 6 1018 Peshgaldaramas 50
2738 Mennumna 180 3 968 Adara-kalamma 28
2735 Ibbi-Ea 290? 5 940 Akurulanna 26
2730 Lugalmu 420 7 914 Melamkurkurra 7
907 Ea-gamil 9
2723 Hadanish 420 7
898 Mursilis (Hattusilis)
2716 Enpirigdu 60 1 Hantilis 12
2715 Lugalure 120 2 886 Zidantas 16
2713 Argandea 7 870 Ammunas 9
861 Huzziyas 11
2706 Nani total +116 +54 1 850 Telepinus 5
2705 Meckiajnanna II 60 1 845 Alluwamnas 10
2704 Elili 2 835 Interregnum 4
831 Shallemeser III 14
2702 Lugalannemundu 90 2 817 Arbaces the Mede 1
816 Suppiluliumas 40
2700 Ilshu 90 1 776 Tudhalis 16
2699 Anba 7 764 Arnuwandas 24
2692 Bazi 30 745 Hattusilis II 22
2662 Zizi 20 726 Tudhalis II 26
2642 Limer 30 702 Tudhalis III 22
2612 Nizi 7 684 Tudhalis IV 30
656 Suppiluliumas II 27
2605 Ku-Bau 100 2 629 Arnuwandas II 1
628 Mursilis II 29
2603 Unzi 30 599 Muwatallis 7
2573 Undalulu 12 592 Urhi-Tesup 1
2561 Ur-ur 6 591 Hattusilis III 12
2555 Puzur-Nirah 20 579 Tudhalis V 2
2535 Ishu-Il 24 577 Arnuwandas III 4
2511 Shu-Sin 7 573 Suppiluliumas III 17
Karunta co-ruler
2504 Puzur-Sin 25
2479 Ur-Zababa 400 7 556 Cyrus II 21st year 9
2472 Simudarra 30 547 Cambyses II 8
2442 Usiwatar 7 539 Darius 36
2435 Ishtar-muti 11 508 Xerxes 26
2424 Ishme-Shamash 11 482 Artaxerxes 40
2413 Nannia 7 442 Xerxes II
Darius II 19
2406 Lugalzaggesi 25 423 Artaxerxes II 64
359 Artaxerxes III 21
2381 Sargon 55 338 Arses 2
2326 Rimush 15 336 Darius III 5
2311 Manishtushu 7
2304 Naram-Sin 56 331 Alexander III 7
2248 Sharkalisharri 24 324 Philip III 7
2225 Igigi 317 Antigonus 11
Nanum
Imi 3 284 Seleucus Nicator 9
Elulu 275 Antiochus Soter 20
2222 Dudu 21 255 Antiochus II Theos 15
2201 Shudurul 15 240 Seleucus II Cal 20
222 Seleucus III Ceraunos 3
2186 Urnigin 3 219 Antiochus III Great 35
2183 Urgigir 6 191 Seleucus IV Philop 12
2177 Kudda 6 179 Antiochus IV Epiphan 11
2171 Puzur-ili 5 168 Antiochus V Eupator 2
2166 Ur-Utu 6 166 Demetrius Soter 13
153 Alexander Balas 10
2160 Utuhegal 427 7 143 Demetrius II Nicator 6
Antiochus VI the God 5
2153 Ur-Nammu 18 142 Diodotus Tryphon 4
2135 Shulgi 48 138 Antiochus VII Euerget 9
2086 Amar-Sin 9 129 Demetrius II 2nd 3
2076 Shu-Sun 7 126 Cleo V Antiochus VIII 5
2069 Ibbi-Sin 24 Seleucus V son Demetr 1
121 Antiochus VIII P G 25
2249 Erridupizir 20 115 Antiochus IX Cyzicen 20
2246 Imta 3 96 Seleucus VI Ep N 1
2243 Inkishush 6 95 Antiochus X Euseb Pp 12
2237 Sarlagab 6 94 Philip Ep Ph 11
2231 Shulme 6 92 Demetrius III T Pp SII 8 E
2225 Elulumesh 6 87 Antiochus XI Ep Ph 3
2219 Inimbakesh 5 84 Antiochus XII Dionysus 1
2214 Igeshaush 6 83 Tigranes II Armenia 14
2208 Iarlagab 15 69 Antiochus XIII Asiatic 5
2193 Ibate 3 64 Philip II 3
2190 Jarlagab 3 61 Rome
2187 Kurum 1
2186 Habilkin 3 628 Nabopolassar 29
2183 Laerabum 2 622 Nebuchadnezzar II 43
2181 Irarum 2 620 Nabopolassar Era 21
2179? Ibranum 1 617 Nebuchadnezzar II command
2177 Hablum 2 599 Niglassar 7
2175 Puzur-Sin 7 592 Labosardachus 9m
2168 Iarlaganda 7 591 Nebuchadnezzar II 12
2161 Simum 7 579 Merodach 2
2154 Tirigan 40 days 577 Niglassar II 4
573 Nabonidus + Baltasar 17
556 Cyrus II 21st
Era of kings of men 3398 BCE
Gutium began 2249 BCE Y
Sharkalisharri end 2225 BCE T Chaos - multiple kings (2224-2221 BCE)
Utuhegal (end 6/7th) 2154 BCE Y Gutium dynasty end
Ur III end 2045 BCE T
Hammurabi 7th 1440 BCE T Mutiple but even # of polar reversals
Hammurabi 38th 1409 BCE T Polar reversal 3rd and last historic
Samsuiluna 28th 1373 BCE Y defeated 2 armies
Ammisaduga 9th 1289 BCE T Venus tablets
Ammisaduga 19th 1279 BCE Y Lightning bolts
Peshgaldaramas began 1018 BCE T
Ea-gamil end 898 BCE T Sack of Babylon by Hattusilis
Suppiluliumas end 776 BCE T
Niglasser 4th mid rule 596 BCE T Eclipse predicted by Thales 595 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar II began 591 BCE Y 34th of Rames II marries Neb daughter
Darius 11th [19th] 528 BCE Y
Darius 36th 504 BCE T
Xerxes 6th 497 BCE Y
Artaxerxes II 42nd 384 BCE T
Artaxerxes III 19th 341 BCE Y
Alexander III end 324 BCE T
Asacid Era 247 BCE Y
Antiochus IV 7th 173 BCE T Seleucus IV end
Demetrius Soter end 153 BCE Y Red disk
Alexander Balas end 143 BCE T
Tigranes II starts 83 BCE T
Sharkalisharri 18th year (2231 BCE) captures Gutium king Sarlagab
Gutium dynasty ended at the end of 6 years near the 7th year of Utuhegal
The Hittite kings are the lost list of Lydian kings missynced 5 1/2
centuries too early in time.
Two unknown kings ruled before Seleucus Nicator came out as the winner
Kassites 36 kings 576 years 9 months
1199 Gandash 16 1744
1183 Agum 22 1728 12
1161 Kashtiliash 22 1706
1139 Ushshi 8 1684
1131 Abirattash 4 1676 15
1116 Kashtiliash II 3 1661 10
1106 Urzigurumash 3 1651 10
1096 Harbasipak 14 1641 30
1066 Tiptakzi 22 1611 5
1044 Agum II 44 1589 50
994 Burnaburiash 25 1539 45
949 Kashtiliash III 44 1494 30
905 Ulamburiash 7 1450
898 Agum III 20 1443 Sack of Babylon 898 BCE
878 Kadashmankharbi 5 1423
873 Kurigalzu 11 1418
862 Kadashman-Enlil 21 1407
841 Karaindash 10 1386
831 Shalmaneser II [III] 14
817 Burnaburiash II 29 1376
788 Karakhardash 1347
Nazibugash 2 1
787 Kurigalzu II 24 1345 22
763 Nazimaruttash 26 1321 25
738 Nadashman-Turgu 15 1295 18
723 Kadashman-Enlil II 9 1277 15
714 Kudur-Enlil 6 1262 9
708 Shagarakti-Shuriash 13 1253
695 Kashtiliash IV 8 1240
687 Interregnum 7 1232 Tukulti-Ninurta
680 Enlil-nadin-shumi )
Kadashmankharbe II) 3 1225
677 Adad-shuma-iddina 6 1222
671 Adad-shuma-usur 30 1216
641 Meli-shiskhu 15 1186 Melisipak
626 Zababa-shuma-iddina 1 1171
625 Enlil-nadin-akhi 3 1170
Isin II
777 Marduk-kabit-ahheshu 18 1167 17
759 Itti-Marduk-balatu 8 1149 6
751 Ninurta-nadin-shumi 6 1141
745 Nebuchadrezzar I 22 1135 Hattusilis II 16th
723 Enlil-nadin-apli 4 1113
719 Marduk-nadin-addhe 10th 18 1109 7th eclipse
701 Marduk-shapik-zeri 13 1091 17
688 Adad-apal-iddina 22 1078
666 Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1 1056
665 Marduk-zer-e... 12 1055
653 Nabu-shumu-libur 8 1043
645 - 2 unknown king - not on list
Sealand II
643 Simbar-sipak 18 1035 12 or 13 years
625 Ea-mukin-zeri 5m 1017
Kassu-nadin-ahi 3
Bazi
642 Eulmas-sakin-sumi 17 1014
625 Ninurta-kudurri-usur 3 997
622 Sirikti-Suqamuna 3m
Elamite
634 Mar-biti-apla-usur 6 994
8th Babylonian dynasty
988 Nabu-mukin-apli 36 Earthquake begins dynasty
952 Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 8m
951 Mar-biti-akhe-iddin 16
935 Samash-mudammik 14
921 Nabu-shuma-ukin 25
896 Nabu-apla-iddin 19
877 Marduk-bel-usate 18
859 Marduk-zakir-shumi 27
832 Marduk-balatsu-ikbi 24
808 Bau-akh-iddin 22
5 kings 2, 3, 1, 2, 1 9
799 Ninurta-apla-x 23
Adad-shum-ibni 29
Marduk-bel-zeri 17
781 Marduk-apla-usur 22
779 Eriba-Marduk 19
760 Nabu-shuma-iskun 13
747 Nabu-nasir 14 Era of Nabonassar
733 Nabu-nadin-zeri 2
731 Nabu-suma-ukin II 1m
9th dynasty
731 Nabu-mukin-zeri 2 3rd year 729 BCE Pul takes Babylon
729 Marduk-apla-iddina 12 Merodach-Baladan
717 Ululayu 5 Ululayu = Shalmaneser
712 First kingless period 2
710 Sargon II 5
Bel-ibni 3
707 Marduk-zakir-sumi II 1 m
Marduk-apla-iddina 9 m 2nd time 22nd year
706 Assur-nadin-sumi 6
700 Nergal-usezib 1
699 Musezib-Marduk 4
695 Second kingless period 8 Sennacherib
687 Esarhaddon 11 Babylon destroyed
676 Samas-sum-ukin 20
656 Kandalanu 22
Elamite
634 Mar-biti-apla-usur 6
Lydian
628 Nabopolassar 29 Mursilis II
622 Nebuchadnezzar II 43 Hattusilis III
620 Nabopolassar 21 Era of Nabopolassar
599 Neriglissar 7 Muwatallis
592 Labasi-Marduk 9m Urhi-Tesup
591 Nebuchadnezzar II 12 Hattusilis III
579 Amel-Merodach 2 Tudhalis III
577 Neriglissar II 4 Arnuwandas III
573 Nabonidus 17 Suppliluliumas III
Persia
556 Cyrus II 9
1060 BCE Tiglath-pileser end - chaos
988 BCE Nabu-mukin-apli - omens & earthquake
898 BCE Agum III sacked Babylon also Mursilis/Hattusilis
868 BCE Nabu-apal-iddina - confusion in Babylon
838 BCE Shalmaneser the Great 6th year is the mid reign of Ahaziah (5th)
747 BCE Era of Nabonassar - Assur-dan III (11th) year
709 BCE Shalmaneser IV [V & I] 9th year sacrifices in Babylon
687 BCE Babylon destroyed
656 BCE Kandalanu start
651 BCE Nineveh and Jonah
626 BCE Simbar-sipak - Fire in sky (Simba-Sihu)
624 BCE Assur sacked
622 BCE March 13th Nineveh sacked and Nebuchadnezzar II reigns in Babylon
620 BCE Era of Nabopolassar - fall of Assyrian Empire at Haran Abu 12
617 BCE Nebuchadnezzar II as commander of the army of Chaldea
598 BCE Jerusalem sacked July 2nd in the 22nd year of Nabopolassar Era -
and the 19th year of Nebuchadnezzar II as army commander
595 BCE Neriglissar 4th year eclipse predicted by Thales the Milesian
576 BCE Era of Cyrus II the Great
556 BCE 1st year of Cyrus II in the city of Babylon
Girkishar 696 to Nebuchadrezzar (Alexander)
10th year of Marduk-nadin-akhe - Tiglath-pileser I start and T-P III end
Tiglath-pileser I 641 years after Shamshi-Adad son of Ishme-Dagan
Nabonidus 800 years after Shagraki-Buriash son of Kudur-Bel
Naram-Sin 3200 years before Nabonidus
Asshurbanapal 1,635 years after Kudu-nankhund [675-42+1635= 2310-2268 BCE]
Marduk-nadin-akhe 418 years before Sennacherib (1129 BCE)
Asshurdan son of Ninibapal-esharra 60 years before Tiglath-pileser I (70)
Hammurabi 700 years before Burnaburiash had built E-barra (600)
Karaindash peace treaty with Asshur-bel-nisheshu
Tukulti-Ninib 600 years before Sennacherib (ruled 6 years after)
Burnaburiash letter to Amenophis III king of Egypt
Asshur-uballit letter to Napkhuriya king of Egypt - Amenophis III
Asshur-uballit - Kara-khardash - Kadashman-Kharbe - Kurigalzu II
Shalmaneser 434 Shamshi-Adad (714 BCE +434 + 242 = 1490 BCE)
Tukulti-Ninurta 720 Ilushuma (21) [540 end of Shamshi-Adad]
Tiglath-pileser 701 Shamshi-Adad
Erishum 159 (129) Shamshi-Adad
Ashur-Dan III 9th year in the 3rd month of Siwan a solar eclipse
Shalmaneser 580 Erishum (421, 422, + 434 to the end of Shamshi-Adad)
Ushpi, Shamshi-Adad, Erishum (Irishum) [350 cycle]
Ashur-uballit 135 Puzur-Shur III
China BCE BCE
3398 Shennong 500 1199 Wu Shang 7
2898 Yellow Emperor 300 1192 Cheng 37
2598 Shaohao 85 1155 Kang 26
2513 Zhuanxu 78 1129 Chao end 51
2435 Ku 70 1078 Mu 55
2365 Zhi 9 1023 Kung 12
2356 Yao 42nd 101 1018 I 1st 25
2255 Shun 1st 50 993 Hsiao 6th 9
984 I' 16
2205 Yu Xia 8 968 Li 51
2197 Qi 9 917 Hsuan 46
2188 Taikang 29 871 Yu 3rd 11
2159 Zhongkang 5th 13 860 Ping 51st 51
2146 Xiang 27 809 Huan 23
2119 Hanzhuo 40 786 Chuang 15
2079 Shaokang 22 771 Hsi 5
2057 Zhu 13th 17 766 Hui 25
2040 Huai 26 741 Hsiang 33
2014 Mang 18 708 Ching I 6
1996 Xie 16 702 Kuang 6
1980 Bujiang 59 696 Ting 21
1921 Juan 21 675 Chien 14
1900 Jin 8th 8 661 Ling 27
1892 Kongjia 9 634 Ching II 10th &13th 25
1883 Gao 3 609 Ching III 14th &43rd 44
1880 Fa 7th 7 565 Yuan 6th 7
1873 Jie 10th + 31st 31 558 Cheng'ting 28
530 Kao 15
1843 Tang Shang 13 515 Wei-lieh 24
1830 Taijia 33 491 An 15th 26
1797 Woding 29 465 Lieh 7
1768 Taigeng 25 458 Hsien 23rd 48
1743 Xiaojia 17 410 Shen-ching 6
1726 Yongji 12 404 Nan 59
1714 Taiwu 53 75
1661 Zhongding 13 345 Chao-hsiang Tsin 5
1648 Wairen 15 340 Hsiao-wen 1
1633 Hetanjia 9 339 Chuang-hsiang 3
1623 Zukyi 19 336 Shih-hung Ti 37
1604 Zuxin 16 299 Enh-shih 2
1588 Wojia 25
1563 Zuding 32 297 Kao Tsu W Han 11
1532 Nangeng 25 286 Hui Ti 7
1507 Yangjia 7 279 Kao Huo 8
1500 Pangeng 28 271 Wen Ti 13
1472 Xiaoxin 32 21 258 Ching Ti 16
1440 Xiaoyi 28 242 Wu Ti 54
1412 Wuding 59 188 Chao Ti 13
1353 Zugeng 7 175 Hsuan Ti 25
1346 Zujia 40 150 Yuan Ti 16
1306 Linxin 6 134 Cheng Ti 26
1300 Kangding 21 108 Ai Ti 6
1279 Wuyi 18 4 102 Ping Ti 6
1261 Wenwuding 3rd 3 96 Ju-tzu Ying 3
1258 Diyi 25 37 93 Wang Mang 2nd or 3rd 14
1233 Dixin 5th & 35th 34 79 Huai-yang + Ti Hsuan 2
77 Kuang-wu Ti E Han 32
45 Ming Ti 18
27 Chang Ti 13
CE 4 Shang Ti 1 14 Ho Ti 17
5 An Ti 19
24 Shao Ti
Shun Ti 20
44 Chung Ti
Chih Ti 1
45 Huan Ti 22
67 Ling Ti 21
88 Shao Ti
Hsien Ti (Min) 32
120 Chao Lieh Ti 2 904 Tai Tsu 5
122 Hou Ti 40 909 Ming Tsung 1
162 Wen Ti 6 910 Mo Ti 10
168 Ming Ti 13
181 Fie Ti 15 920 Chuang Tsung 3
196 Shao Ti 6 923 Ming Tsung 7
202 Yuan Ti Huan 5 930 Min Ti 1
207 Ta Ti 30 931 Mo Ti 2
237 Fe Ti 6
243 Ching Ti 6 933 Kao Tsu 6
249 Mo Ti 16 939 Chu Ti 5
265 Wu Ti 25 944 Kao Tsu 1
290 Hui Ti 16 945 Yin Ti 3
306 Huai Ti 7
313 Min Ti 4 948 Tai Tsu 3
951 Shih Tsung 5
317 Yuan Ti 5 956 Kung Ti 1
322 Ming Ti 3
325 Cheng Ti 17 957 Tai Tsu 16
342 Kang Ti 2 973 Tai Tsung 21
344 Mu Ti 17 994 Chen Tsung 25
361 Ai Ti 4 1019 Jen Tsung 41
365 Hai Hsi Kung 6 1060 Tin Tsung 4
371 Chien Wen Ti 1 1064 Shen Tsung 18
372 Hsiao Wu Ti 24 1082 Che Tsung 15
396 An Ti 22 1097 Hui Tsung 25
1122 Chin Tsung 2
418 Kung Ti 2 1124 Kao Tsung 35
1159 Hsiao Tsung 27
420 Wu Ti 2 1186 Kuang Tsung 5
422 Shao Ti 2 1191 Ning Tsung 30
424 Wen Ti 29 1221 Li Tsung 40
1261 Tu Tsung 10
453 Hsiao Wu Ti 11 1271 Kung Tsung 2
464 (Chien) Fei Ti 1 1273 Tuan Tsung 2
465 Ming Ti 7 1274 Ti Ping 1
472 Fie Ti 5
477 Shun Ti 2 1208 Tai Tsu 21
1229 Tolui 2
479 Kao Ti 3 1231 Tai Tsung 12
482 Wu Ti 11 1243 Toregene Khatun 5
493 Yu-lin wang 1 1248 Ting Tsung 3
494 Hai-ling wang 1251 Oghul Ghaimash 2
Ming Ti 4 1253 Hsien Tsung 9
498 Tung-hun hou 3 1262 Shih Tsung 14th DW 34
501 He Ti 1
1296 Cheng Tsung 13
502 Wu Ti 47 1309 Wu Tsung 4
549 Chien Wen Ti 2 1313 Jen Tsung 9
551 Yu-chang wan 1 1322 Yin Tsung 3
552 Yuan Ti 3 1325 Tai Ting Ti 5
555 Chen-yang hou 1329 Wen Tsung 1
Ching Ti 2 1330 Ming Tsung
Wen Tsung 2nd 3
549 Wu Ti 2 1332 Ning Tsung 1
551 Wen Ti 7 1333 Shun Ti 35
558 Fei Ti 2
560 Hsuan Ti 14 1368 Tai Tsu Ming 30
574 Hou Chu 7 1398 Hui Ti 4
1402 Cheng Tsu 22
577 Wen Ti (Kao Tsu) 23 1424 Jen Tsung 1
600 Yang Ti 13 1425 Hsuan Tsung 10
613 Kung Ti 1 1435 Ying Tsung 14
1449 Tai Tsung 8
613 Kao Tsu 8 1457 Ying Tsung 2nd 7
621 Tai Tsung 23 1464 Hsien Tsung 23
644 Kao Tsung 34 1487 Hsiao Tsung 18 25?
678 Chung Tsung 1 1505 Chu Hou-chiao 16
679 Jui Tsung 6
685 Wu Hou 15 1521 Chu Hou-tsung 46
700 Chung Tsung 2nd 5 1567 Chu Tsai-kou 5
705 Jui Tsung 2nd 2 1572 Chu I-chung 48
707 Hsuan Tsung 44 1620 Chu Chang-lo 1
753 Su Tsung 6 1621 Chu Yu-chiao 6
759 Tai Tsung 17 1627 Chu Yu-chein 17
776 Te Tsung 26
802 Shun Tsung 1644 Shun-chih 18
Hsien Tsung 15 1662 Kang-hsi 60
817 Mu Tsung 4 1722 Yung-cheng 13
821 Ching Tsung 2 1735 Chien-lung 61
823 Wen Tsung 14 1796 Chia-ching 24
837 Wu Tsung 6 1820 Tao-Kuang 30
843 Hsuan Tsung 13 1850 Hsien-feng 11
856 I Tsung 14 1861 Tung-chih 14
870 Hsi Tsung 15 1875 Kuang-hsu 33
885 Chao Tsung 16 1908 Hsuan-Tung 4
901 Chao Hsuan Ti 3 1912 Republic
BCE
2315 Yao 42nd brilliant star appeared in Yin (T
2255 Shun 1st brilliant star came out in Fang (T
2155 Zhongkang 5th 9m kang-seuh day [47] eclipse October 12th (Y
2045 Zhu 13th Ho river kills Ming (T
1893 Jin 8th inauspicius portents in the sky - ten suns (T
1873 Fa 7th Mt Tae shook (Y
1863 Jie 10th planets went out of their courses, stars fell (T
like rain, and the rivers E and Loh became dry
1842 Tang 2nd drought of 5 years begins (Y
1259 Wenwuding 3rd river flow interrupted 3 times (T
1229 Dixin 5th shower of earth (T
1202 Dixin 32nd Mandate of Heaven - 5 planets lined up
1199 Dixin 35th great famine (T
1078 Chao 52nd comet then death of king and 6 armies (T
1018 I 1st two sun rises in one day (T
868 Yu 3rd thunder and lighting - no clouds (T
810 Ping 51st eclipse (Y
808 Huan 3rd 2nd month day jen-chen [29] (April 10th) (T
625 Ching II 10th eclipse (T
622 Ching II 13th star (Y
596 Ching III 14th Milky Way not visible (T
566 Ching III 43rd Tan river stopt (T
560 Yuan 6th Kwie and Tan rivers interrupted (Y
476 An 15th great wind and dusk at noon (T
435 Hsien 23rd earth rent (Y
340 Chao-Hsiang 6th Solar eclipse (Y
247 Ching Ti (12th) Sun moved back 3 solar houses (Y
184 Cheng-ho 4th (T
91 Wang Mang 2nd Yellow river changed course (Dhillon, B. S.) (Y
3rd given as 11 AD (101 years forward)
CE
4 Shang Ti 1st beginning of reign (Y
249 Mo Ti Wu 1st (T
254 Mo Ti Wu 5th (Y
279 March 30 (3rd, 4th, and 7th months): Po comet - Ho 150 (T
285 ping-hsu day 1st day of 8th month (Sept. 16): Eclipse (Y
310 Huai Ti 4th 10th month keng-tzu day (Nov. 18): Large star
fell NW (SW) producing a noise (T
316 Min Ti 4th ?6th month ting-ssu day (July 6): Eclipse? (Y
340 (16th) March 25: Po comet - Ho 169 (T
348 Mu Ti 5th 8th month chi-mao night: Heavens disrupted,
thunder, wild birds heard (Y
368 Sheng-ping 4th 8th month day hsin-chou [38] s eclipse (Chueh)(T
369 Hai Hsi Kung 4th 2nd - 7th month: Guest star (T
379
400 An Ti 4th ?2nd month chi-chou day (March 19): Po comet
Ho 183 [Oct. 4, 5th year: Heavens roared] (T
410 An Ti 14th (Y
431 Yuan-chia 6th 11th m d chi-chou [26]; stars; hour fu ended (T
491 Yung-ming 10th 12th m day kuei-wei [20] hour wei; s eclipse (T
504 Ching-ming 4th 5th m day ting-mao [4] (Y
551 Yu-chang wan 1st 5th m day chi-wei [56]; solar eclipse (T
551 Wen Ti 1st year (T
581 Kai-huang 5th 6th m day 30 (T
702 Chung Tsung 2nd 9th m day hsin-yu [58]; (T
723 Hsuan Tsung 17th 10th m day hsin-yu [58]? (Y
822 Ching Tsung 2nd 4th month day hsin-yu [58]; 3/4 s eclipse (T
974 Ten-en 3rd 7th m day hsin-wei [8] hours mao and chen (Y
1034 Pao-yuan 1st 1st m day ping-chen [53] solar eclipse (T
1064 Hsi-ning 1st 1st m day chia-hsu [11] (T
1094 Yuan-yu 9th 3rd m day jen-shen [9] (T
1098 Yuan 3rd 4th m day ting-mao [4] (Y
1161 Chein-tao 4th 2nd m day 14 ting-wei [44] (Y
1245 Shun-yu 5th? (T
1274 Shih 14th 10th m day ping-chen [53]; Divine wind (T
1275 Te-yu 1st 6th m day keng-tzu [37] hours szu to wu; se (T
1286 Chih-yuan 29th 1st m day chia-wu [31] sun golden ring (Y
1516 Cheng-te 9th 8th m day hsin-mao [28] hour wu til yu (T
1457 Ying Ming 1st beginning of reign (T
1487 Hsiao Tsung 1st beginning of reign (T
1516 Chu Hou-chao 9th 8th m day hsin-mao [28] e (T
1577 Chu I-chung 3rd 4th m day chi-szu [6] at wu hour (noon) (T
1662 Kang-hsi 1st beginning of reign (Y
1912 Republic beginning (Y
Korea
BCE
3398 first Han-ung, Kuh-bal-han
3304 second Han-ung, Kuh-bul-li
3218 third Han-ung, U-ya-go
3119 fourth Han-ung, Mo-sa-ra
3028 The son of crown prince Tae-u-ui, Tae-ho, also Fuxi
3012 fifth Han-ung, Tae-u-ui
2919 sixth Han-ung, Da-ui-bal
2821 seventh Han-ung, Kuh-ryon
2740 eighth Han-ung, An-bu-ryon
2667 ninth Han-ung, Yang-un
2571 tenth Han-ung, Gal-go
2471 eleventh Han-ung, Kh-ya-bal
2379 twelfth Han-ung, Ju-mu-shin
2274 thirteenth Han-ung, Sa-wa-ra
2207 fourteenth Han-ung, Ja-o-ji
2098 fifteenth Han-ung, Chi-aek-teuk
2009 sixteenth Han-ung, Chuk-da-ri
1953 seventeenth Han-ung, Hyuk-da-sae
1881 eighteenth Han-ung, Kuh-bul-dan
1833 first Tangun, Im-gom
SILLA eastern KOGURYO northern PAEKCHE southwest
BCE 37 Tongmyong Wang 18
19 Yurimyong Wang 1
57 Pak Hykkose Kosogun 60 18 Taemusin Wang 61 18 Ongjo Wang 45
CE
4 Namhae Ch'ach'aung 20 44 Mingjung Wang 4 28 Taru Wang 49
24 Yuri Isagum 33 48 Mobong Wang 5 77 Kiru Wang 51
57 Sok T'arhae Isagum 23 53 T'aejo Taewang 93 128 Kaeru Wang 38
80 Pak P'asa Isagum 32 146 Ch'adae Wang 19 166 Kusu Wang 48
112 Chima Isagum 22 165 Sindae Wang 14 214 Sabang Wang 20
134 Ilsong Isagum 20 179 Kogukch'ong Wang 18 234 Koyi Wang 52
154 Adalla Isagum 30 197 Sangsang Wang 30 286 Ch'aekkyo W 12
184 Sok Porhyu Isagum 12 227 Tongch'ong Wang 21 298 Punso Wang 6
196 Naehae Isagum 34 248 Ch'ungch'ong W 22 304 Piryu Wang 40
230 Chobun Isagum 17 270 Soch'ong Wang 22 344 Kye Wang 2
247 Ch'omhae Isagum 14 292 Pongsang Wang 8 346 Kunch'ogo W 29
261 Kim Mich'u Isagum 23 300 Mich'ong Wang 31 375 Kungusu Wang 9
284 Sok Yurye Isagum 14 331 Kogukwong Wang 40 384 Ch'imnyu Wang 1
298 Kirim Isagum 12 371 Sosurim Wang 13 385 Chinsa Wang 7
310 Hurhae Isagum 46 384 Kogukyang Wang 8 392 Asin Wang 13
356 Kim Naemul Maripkan 46 392 Kwangaet'o Wang 21 405 Chongji Wang 15
402 Silson Maripkan 15 413 Changsu Wang 78 420 Kungsin Wang 7
417 Nulji Maripkan 41 491 Munja Wang 28 427 Piyu Wang 28
458 Chabi Maripkan 21 519 Anjang Wang 12 455 Kaero Wang 20
479 Soji Maripkan 21 531 Angwong Wang 14 475 Mungju Wang 2
500 Chijung Wang 14 545 Yangwong Wang 14 477 Samgung Wang 2
514 Pop'ung Wang 26 559 P'yongwang Wang 31 479 Tongsong W 22
540 Chinghung Wang 36 590 Yonyang Wang 28 501 Munyong Wang 22
576 Chingji Wang 3 618 Yongnyu Wang 24 523 Song Wang 31
579 Chingp'yong Wang 53 642 Pojang Wang 26 554 Widok Wang 44
632 Sondok Yowang 15 668 SILLA 598 Hye Wang 1
647 Chindok Yowang (fem) 7 599 Pob Wang 1
654 T'aejong Muyol Wang 7 600 Mu Wang 42
661 Munmu Wang 20 642 Uyja Wang 18
681 Sinmun Wang 11 660 SILLA
692 Hyoso 10
702 Songdok Wang 35
737 Hyosong Wang 5
742 Kyondok Wang 23
765 Hyegong Wang 15
780 Sondok Wang 5
785 Wonsong Wang 14
799 Sosong Wang 1
800 Aejang Wang 9
809 Hondok Wang 17
826 Hongdok Wang 10
836 Huigang Wang 2
838 Minae Wang 1
839 Sinmu Wang 18
857 Honan Wang 4
861 Kyogmun Wang 14
875 Hongong Wang 11
886 Chonggang Wang 1 Kim
887 Chinsong Yowang 10 (female)
897 Hyogong Wang 15
912 Sindok Wang 5
917 Kyong Myong Wang 7
WANG
924 T'aejo I 20
944 Hyejong 2
946 Chongjong I 4
950 Kwangjong 16
976 Kyongjong 5
981 Songjong I 16
997 Mokshong 13
1010 Hyonjong I 22
1032 Tokjong 3
1035 Chongjong II 12
1047 Munjong I 36
1083 Sunjong 1
1084 Sonjong 11
1095 Honjong I 1
1096 Sokjong 10
1106 Yejong I 17
1123 Injong I 24
1147 Uijong 23
1170 Myongjong 28
1198 Sinjong 7
1205 Huijong 7
1212 Kangjong 1
1213 Kojong I 47
1260 Wonjong 15
1275 Ch'unguyol 34
1309 Ch'ungson 5
1314 Ch'ungsuk 16
1330 Ch'unghye 2 d. 1344
1332 Ch'angsuk 7
1339 Ch'unghye 5 restored
1344 Ch'ungmok 5
1349 Ch'unajong 2
1351 Kongmin 23
1374 Sin U 15
1389 Sinch'ang
Kongyang 3
YI
1392 T'aejo II 6
1398 Chongjong III 3
1401 T'aejong 17
1418 Sejong 32
1450 Munjong II 2
1452 Tanjong 4
1456 Sejo 12
1468 Yejong II 2
1470 Songjong II 24
1494 Yonsan Gun 12
1506 Chungjong 38
1544 Injong II 2
1546 Myonjong 21
1567 Sonjo 42
1609 Kwan Naegun 14
1623 Injo 27
1650 Hyojong 10
1660 Hyonjong II 15
1675 Sukchong 45
1720 Kyonjong 5
1725 Yongjo 52
1777 Chongjo 24
1801 Sunjo 34
1835 Honjong II 15
1850 Ch'oljong 14
1864 Kojong II 43 d. 1919
1907 Sungjong 3
1905 Japanese "Protectorate" 5
1910 Annexed to Japan 35
1945 Allied Military Occupation 3
1948 Democratic Peoples Republic (North)
1948 Republic of Korea (South)
BCE
3398 First Han-ung began
3119 Mo-sa-ra began Mid Holocene gravity event
1953 Hyuk-da-sae began T
1833 Tangun began T
CE
4 Namhae Ch'ach'aung began Y
310 Hurhae Isagum began T
491 Mauja Wang began T
642 Pojang Wang began T
660 Uyja Wang end Y
692 Hyoso began Y
702 Songdok Wang began T
1275 Ch'unguyol began T
1349 Ch'unajong began Y
1456 Sejo began T
1567 Sonjo began Y
1660 Hyonjong II began Y
Emperors Japan
# BCE born - died # CE
1 660 Jimmu 711 - 585 63 967 Reizi
2 581 Suizei 632 - 549 64 969 En-yu
3 549 Annei 567 - 511 65 984 Kazan
4 510 Itoku 553 - 477 66 986 Ichijo
5 475 Kosho 501 - 393 67 1011 Sanjo
6 392 Koan 427 - 291 68 1016 Go-ichijo
7 290 Koren 342 - 215 69 1036 Gozuzaku
8 214 Kogen 273 - 158 70 1045 Goreizi
9 158 Kaika 208 - 98 71 1068 Gasanjo
10 97 Sujin 148 - 30 72 1072 Shirakawa
11 29 Suinin 69 - 70 CE 73 1086 Horikawa
CE 74 1107 Toba
12 71 Keiko BCE 13 - 130 CE 75 1123 Sutoku
13 130 Seimu 84 - 190 76 1141 Konoe
14 192 Chuai 149 - 200 77 1155 Goshirakawa
201 Empress Jingu 78 1158 Nijo
15 270 Ojin 201 - 310 79 1165 Rokujo
16 313 Nintoku 290 - 399 80 1168 Takakura
17 400 Richu 339 - 405 81 1180 Antoku
18 406 Hanzei 352 - 410 82 1183 Gotoba
19 412 Ingyo 374 - 453 83 1198 Tsuchimikado
20 453 Anko 410 - 456 84 1210 Juntoku
21 456 Yuryaku 418 - 479 85 1221 Chukyo
22 480 Seinei 444 - 484 86 1221 Gohorikawa
23 485 Kenzo 450 - 487 87 1232 Shijo
24 488 Ninken 449 - 498 88 1242 Gosaga
25 498 Buretsu 489 - 506 89 1246 Gofukakusa
26 507 Keitai 450 - 531 90 1260 Kameyama
27 531 Ankan 466 - 535 91 1274 Go-uda
28 535 Senka 467 - 539 92 1288 Fushimi
29 539 Kimmei 509 - 571 93 1298 Gofushimi
30 572 Bidatsu 538 - 585 94 1301 Gonijo
31 585 Yomei ? - 587 95 1308 Hanazono
32 587 Sushun ? - 592 96 1319 Godaigo
33 593 Suiko 554 - 628 97 1339 Gomurakami
34 629 Jomei 593 - 641 98 1368 Chokei
35 642 Kogyoku 594 - 661 99 1371 Gokameyama
36 645 Kotoku 597 - 654 100 1384 Gokomatsu
37 655 Saimei 35 594 - 661 101 1413 Shoko
38 661 Tenji 626 - 672 102 1429 Gohanazono
39 672 Kobun 648 - 672 103 1464 Gotsuchimikado
40 672 Temmu ? - 686 104 1501 Gokashiwabara
41 686 Empress Jito 645 - 703 105 1527 Gonara
42 697 Mommu 683 - 707 106 1558 Ogimachi
43 707 Empress Gemmei 661 - 722 107 1587 Goyozei
44 715 Empress Gensho 680 - 748 108 1612 Gomizuno-o
45 724 Shomu 701 - 756 109 1630 Empress Meisho
46 749 Koken 718 - 770 110 1644 Gokomyo
47 758 Junnin 733 - 765 111 1655 Gosai
48 764 Shotoku 46 718 - 770 112 1663 Reigen
49 770 Konin 709 - 782 113 1687 Higashiyama
50 781 Kammu 737 - 806 114 1709 Nakamikado
51 806 Heizei 774 - 824 115 1737 Sakuramachi
52 809 Saga 786 - 842 116 1748 Momozono
53 823 Junna 786 - 840 117 1763 Gosakuramachi
54 833 Nimmyo 810 - 850 118 1771 Gomomozono
55 850 Montoku 827 - 858 119 1780 Kokaku
56 858 Seiwa 850 - 881 120 1817 Ninko
57 876 Yozei 869 - 949 121 1847 Komei
58 884 Koko 830 - 887 122 1866 Meiji
59 887 Uda 867 - 931 123 1912 Yoshihito (Taisho)
60 897 Daigo 885 - 930 124 1926 Hirohito (Showa)
61 930 Suzaku 923 - 952 125 1989 Akihito (Heisei)
62 946 Murakami 926 - 967
Bharat BCE
4428 6 kings 270
4158 Samvarna 88
4089 Kuru 72
4017 Sudhanva 80
3937 Suhotra 93
3844 Chyavana 38
3806 Krimi 37
3769 Chaidya 42
3727 Brihadradha 72 Founder of Magadha 571 before Mahabharata war
3709 Brihadradha 72 Founder of Magadha 571 before Mahabharata war
3637 Kusagra 70
3567 Rishabha 70
3497 Satyahita 60
3437 Punya 43
3394 Satyadhruti 43
3351 Sudhanva II 43
3308 Sarva 43
3265 Bhuvana 43
3222 Jarasandha 42 Hastinapure Kosa
3180 Sahadeva 42
3138 Somapi 58 3156 Yudhisira 3156 Brihatkshana
3080 Srutasrava 64 3119 Parikshit Uruyaksha
3016 Yutayu 36 Janamejaya Vatsavyuha
2980 Niramitra 40 Satanika Prativyoma
2940 Sunaksatra 58 Aswamedhadat Divakara
2882 Brhatsena 23 Adhisima krishna Sadeva
2859 Karmajit 50 Nichaknu Brihadaswa
2809 Sutanjaya 40 Ushna Bhanuradha
2769 Vipra 35 Chitraradha Pratitasya
2734 Suci 58 Suchiradha Supratika
2676 Ksema 28 Vrishnimanta Marudeva
2648 Suvrata 64 Sushena Sunakshatra
2584 Dharmasutra 35 Suneedha Kinnara
2549 Sama 58 Nrupegakshu Anadharaksha
2491 Suvrata 38 Sukhibala Suprana
2453 Dyumatsena 58 Pariplava Amitrajit
2395 Sumati 33 Sunaya Brihatbhaja
2362 Subala 22 Medhavi Dharmi
2340 Sunitha 40 Ripunjaya Krutanjaya
2300 Satyajit 83 Urva Rananjaya
2217 Visvajit 35 Thigma Sanjaya
2182 Ripunjaya 50 Bruhadradha Sakya
Kasudana Suddhodana
2132 Pradyota 23 Sataneeka II Siddhardha
2109 Palaka 24 Udayana Rahula
2085 Visakhayupa 50 Kihinara Prasenajit
2035 Rajaka 21 Dandapani Kahudraka
2014 Nandivardhana 20 Niramitra Kundaka
Kshemaka Suradha
1994 Sisunaga 40 End 1634 Sumitra
1954 Kakavarna 36 End 1634
1918 Ksemadharma 26
1892 Ksetrajna 40
1852 Vidhisara 38
Kanvayana (9)
1814 Ajatasatru 27
1787 Darbhaka 35
1752 Ajaya 33
1719 Nandivardhana 42
1677 Mahanandi 43
India Kashmir Nepal
BCE
4159 Samvarna 88 3450 5 kings 212 4159 Bhuktamanagata 88
4071 Kuru 72 3238 Gonanda 50 4071 Jaya Gupta 72
3999 Sudhanva 80 3188 Yasovati 48 3999 Parama Gupta 80
3919 Suhotra 93 3140 Gonanda II 57 3919 Harsha Gupta 93
3826 Chyavana 38 3083 Parikshit 3826 Bhima Gupta 38
3788 Krimi 37 Hernadeva 3788 Mani Gupta 37
3751 Chaidya 42 Ramandevea 3751 Vishnu Gupta 42
3709 Brihadradha 72 Vyasadeva 3709 Yaksha Gupta 72
3637 Kusagra 70 Drunadeva 3637 Varasimha 200
3567 Rishabha 70 Simhadeva Jayamatasimh
3497 Satyahita 60 Gopaladeva Bhuvanasimha
3475 Punya 43 Vijayananda 3437 Yalambara 300
3432 Satyadhruti 43 Sukhandeva Pavi
3389 Sudhanva II 43 Ramananda Skandara
3346 Sarva 43 Sandhiman Valamba
3283 Bhuvana 43 Marahandeva & Hriti
3240 Jarasandha 42 Kamandeva Jitedasti
3198 Sahadeva 42 Chandradeva 3138 Gali 818
3156 Somapi 58 Anandadeva Pushka
3080 Srutasrava 64 Drupadadeva Suyarma
3016 Yutayu 36 Harnamdeva Parbha
2980 Niramitra 40 Sulkandeva Thunka
2940 Sunaksatra 58 Sinaditya Svananda
2882 Brhatsena 23 Mangaladitya Stunco
2859 Karmajit 50 Khimendra Gighri
2809 Sutanjaya 40 Bhimasena Nane
2769 Vipra 35 Indrasena Luk
2734 Suci 58 Sundarasena Thor
2676 Ksema 28 Galgendra Thoko
2648 Suvrata 64 Baldeva Varma
2584 Dharmasutra 35 Nalasena Guja
2549 Sama 58 Gokarna Pushkara
2491 Suvrata 38 Prahlada Kesu
2453 Dyumatsena 58 Bambru Sunsa
2395 Sumati 33 Pratapaseela Sammu
2362 Subala 22 Sangramachandra Gunana
2340 Sunitha 40 Larikchandra Kimbu
2300 Satyajit 83 Biramchamdra Patuka
2217 Visvajit 35 Babighana Gasti
2182 Ripunjaya 50 Bhagavanta 2319 Nimisha 464
1752 Lava 39 Manaksha
2132 Pradyota 23 1713 Kusa 39 Kakavarman
2109 Palaka 24 1674 Khagendra 39 1855 Bhaskaravarman 143
2085 Visakhayupa 50 1635 Surendra 39 1712 Bhumi Varman 67
2035 Rajaka 21 1596 Godhara 39 1645 Chandra Varman 61
2014 Nandivardhana 20 1557 Suvarna 39 1584 Jaya Varman 82
1518 Janaka 39 1502 Varsha Varman 61
1994 Sisunaga 40 1479 Sachinara 31 1441 Sarva Varman 78
1954 Kakavarna 36 1448 Dharmasoka 48 1363 Prithvi Varman 76
1918 Ksemadharma 26 1400 Jalauka 56 1287 Jyestha Varman 75
1892 Ksetrajna 40 1344 Damodara II 50 1212 Hari Varman 76
1852 Vidhisara 38 1294 Hushka 60 1136 Kubera Varman 88
Kanvayana (9) 1234 Abhimanyu 52 1048 Siddhi Varman 61
1814 Ajatasatru 27 1182 Gonanda III 35 987 Haridatta Varman 81
1787 Darbhaka 35 1147 Vibhishana 55 906 Vasudatta Varman 63
1752 Ajaya 33 1092 Indrajit 35 843 Pati Varman 53
1719 Nandivardhana 42 1057 Ravana 30 790 Sivavriddhi V 54
1677 Mahanandi 43 1027 Vibhishana 35 736 Vasanta Varman 61
1634 Nanda 88 992 Kinnara 40 675 Siva Varman 62
1546 Sumalya 12 952 Siddha 60 613 Rudra Varman 66
892 Utpalaksha 31 547 Vrishadeva V 61
1534 Candragupta 34 861 Hiranyaksha 37 486 Sankaradeva 25
1500 Varisara 28 824 Hiranyakula 60 461 Dharmandeva 24
1472 Asoka 36 764 Vasukula 60 437 Manadeva 20
1436 Suyasa 8 704 Mihirakula 70 417 Mahideva 20
1428 Dasaratha 8 634 Baka 40 397 Vasantadeva 15
1420 Indrapalita 70 594 Kshitinamdana 30 382 Udayadeva Varman 5
1350 Harsa 8 564 Vasunamdana 52 377 Manadeva Varman 30
1342 Sangata 9 512 Nara 35 347 Gunakamadeva V 10
1333 Salisuka 13 477 Aksha 60 337 Sivadeva Varman 61
1320 Somasarma 7 417 Gopaditay 60 276 Narendradeva V 42
1313 Satadhanva 8 357 Gokarna II 35 234 Bhimadeva Varman 36
1305 Brihadratha 87 322 Kinkhila 37 198 Vishnudeva V 47
285 Andha Yudhstira 151 Viswadeva Varman 51
1218 Pushyamitra 60 101 Amsuvarman 68
1158 Agnimitra 50 272 Pratapaditya 32 33 Kritavarman 87
1108 Vasumitra 36 240 Jalaukasa 32 CE
1172 Sujyeshtha 17 208 Tunjina 36 54 Bhimarjuna 94
1055 Andhraka 30 172 Vijaya 8 147 Nandadeva (25) 152
1025 Pulindaka 33 164 Jayendra 37 299 Viradeva 95
992 Ghosha 3 127 Sandhimati 47 394 Chandraketudeva 66
989 Vajramitra 29 460 Narendradeva 56
960 Bhagavata 32 80 Meghavahana 34 516 Varadeva 4
928 Devabhuti 10 46 Pravarasena 30 570 Naramude 45
16 Hiranya 30 615 Sankaradeva 12
918 Vasudeva 39 CE 627 Vardhamanadeva 13
879 Bhumlmitra 24 15 Matrigupata 5 640 Balideva 13
855 Narayana 12 20 Pravarasena 60 653 Jayadeva 15
843 Susarman 10 80 Yudhistira II 39 668 Balarjunadeva 17
119 Lakshmana 13 685 Vikramadeva 12
833 Simhaka Sri 23 132 Tunjina 42 697 Gunakamadeva 51
810 Krishna 18 174 Vikramaditya 42 748 Bhojadeva 8
792 Malla 10 216 Baladitya 37 756 Lakshmikamadeva 22
782 Purnothsanga 18 778 Jayadevamalla 10
764 Sri Satakarni 56 252 Durlabhavard 36
708 Skandhastambhi 18 288 Durlabhaka 50 765 Manadeva 10
690 Lambodara 18 338 Chandrapida 59 775 Narasimhadeva 22
672 Apilaka 12 397 Tarapida 34 797 Nandadeva 21
660 Meghaswaati 18 431 Lalitaditya 36 818 Rudradeva 19
642 Swataswati 18 467 Kuvalayaditya 1 837 Mitradeva 21
624 Skandasvati 7 468 Vajraditya 57 858 Arideva 22
617 Mrugendra 3 525 Prithivyapida 44 880 Abhayamalla
614 Kuntala 8 569 Sangramapida Jayadevamalla 10
606 Soumya 12 Jayapida 51 890 Anandamalla 25
594 Satasatakarna 1 620 Lalitapida 52
593 Puloman 36 672 Sagramapida 57 880 Nanyadeva 50
557 Megha 38 729 Chipyata-Jaya 52 930 Gangandeva 41
519 Arishtakarna 25 781 Ajitapida 56 971 Narasimhadeva 31
494 Hala 5 837 Anangapida 3 1002 Saktideva 39
489 Mandalaka 5 840 Utnalanida 5 1041 Ramasimhadeva 58
484 Purindrashena 21 845 Sukhavarma 7
463 Sundara 1 1099 Thakuris 225
462 Chakora 1/2 852 Avantivarma 28
(Mahendra 1/4) 880 Sankaravarma 20 1324 Harisimhadeva 24
461 Sivasvati 28 900 Gopalavarma 2 1348 Matisimhadeva 15
433 GoutamiPutra 25 902 Sankata 1 1363 Saktisimhadeva 33
408 Puloman II 32 903 Sugandha 1396 Syamasimhadeva 15
376 Sivasri 7 Suravarma 1 1411 -
369 Sivaskandha 7 904 Partha 14
362 Yajna 19 918 Nirjitavarma 2 1301 Jayabhadramalla 15
343 Vijaya 6 920 Charkravarma 14 1316 Nagamalla 15
337 Chandasri 3 934 Unmattavanti 2 1331 Jayajagatmalla 11
334 Puloman III 7 1342 Nagendramalla 10
936 Yasaskara 10 1352 Ugramalla 15
327 Chandragupta 7 946 Parvagupta 2 1367 Asokamalla 19
320 Samudragupta 51 948 Kshemagupta 9 1386 Jayastitimalla 43
269 Chandragupta II 36 1429 Yakshamalla 43
233 Kumaragupta 42 957 Abhimanyu 14 1472 -
191 Skandagupta 25 971 Nandigupta 1
166 Narasimhagupta 40 972 Tribhuvana 2 1470 Jayarayamalla 32
126 Kumaragupta II 44 974 Bhimagupta 5 1502 Suvarnamalla 18
979 Dida 33 1520 Pranamalla 23
399 Maues 28 1543 Viswamalla 15
371 Azes 21 1012 Sangramaraja 15 1558 Trilokamalla 30
350 Azilises 19 1027 Hariraja 1588 Jagajjyotirmalla 32
331 Azes II 27 Anantadeva 35 1620 Narendramalla 21
257 Chandragupta II 38 1062 2nd term 16 1641 Jagatprakasamal 21
1078 Kalasa 10 1662 Jitamitramalla 21
392 Parmara 6 1088 Utkarsha 1683 Bhupatindramalla 34
386 Mahamara 3 Harsha 22 1717 Ranjitamalla
383 Devapi 3
380 Devaduta 3 1110 Uchchala 1490 Ratnamalla 11
377 Saka remove 195 Sankharaja 10 1501 Amaramalla 47
182 Gandharva Sena 50 1120 Sussala 8 1548 Suryamalla +
132 Shankha Maha Raja 30 1128 Jayasimha 20 Narendramall 18
102 Gandharva 2nd 20 1148 end 1566 Mahindramall +
82 Vikramaditya 75 Sadasivamalla 19
7 Devahakta 35 1585 Sivasimhamalla 10
CE 1595 Lakshminarasimha 44
29 Devahaktason 49 1639 Pratapamalla 18
78 Salivahana 60 1657 Mahipatindra 37
138 Salihotra 500 1694 Bhaskaramalla 8
Salivardhana 1702 Jagajjayamalla 30
Suhotra 1732 Jayaprakasa 36
Havirhotra 1768 King Ghorka
Indrapala conquors
Malyavan
Sambhudatta
Bhauma
Vatsa
636 Bhoja 56
692 Sambhudatta II 300
Bindupala
Rajapala
Mahinara
Somavarma
Kamavarma
932 Virasimha 60
992 Rangapala 200
Kalpasimha
Gangasimha (90)
1192 End
Chronology of Ancient Hindu History, Pandit Kota Venkatachela Paakayaji,
Gandhinagar Vijayawada - 2, 1957
Azes Era (476 BCE)? or Harsha era
Sri Harsha Era 457 BCE
Vikrama Era 57 BCE
Salivahana Era 78 CE
Mahabharata war, Yudhjishtira Era 3139 BCE - Kali yuga Feb. 20th, 3102 BCE
Saptarshis Saka, Yudhishtira kala, Loukikabda, Kashmir Era - 3076 BCE
Malawa Gana-Saka Era 725 BCE, Saka kala Era = Cyrus Era or 576 BCE
Kashmir BCE Nepal BCE
4161 Bhuktamanagata Gupta 88
4073 Jaya Gupta 72
4001 Parama Gupta 80
3921 Harsha Gupta 93
3828 Bhima Gupta 38
3790 Mani Gupta 37
3753 Vishnu Gupta 42
3711 Yaksha Gupt 72
3639 Varasimha 200
Jayamatasimh
Bhuvanasimha
3439 Yalambara 300
Pavi
Skandara
Valamba
3450 1-5 212 Hriti
3238 Gonanda 50 Humati
3188 Yasovati 48 Jitedasti
3140 Gonanda II 57 3139 Gali 818
3083 Parikshit Pushka
Hernadeva Suyarma
Ramandevea Parbha
Vyasadeva Thunka
Drunadeva Svananda
Simhadeva Stunco
Gopaladeva Gighri
Vijayananda Nane
Sukhandeva Luk
Ramananda Thor
Sandhiman Thoko
Marahandeva Varma
& Kamandeva Guja
Chandradeva Pushkara
Anandadeva Kesu
Drupadadeva Sunsa
Harnamdeva Sammu
Sulkandeva Gunana
Sinaditya Kimbu
Mangaladitya Patuka
Khimendra Gasti
Bhimasena 2321 Nimisha 464
Indrasena Manaksha
Sundarasena Kakavarman
Galgendra Pasuprekshadeva
Baldeva 1857 Bhaskaravarman 143
Nalasena
Gokarna
Prahlada
Bambru
Pratapaseela
Sangramachandra
Larikchandra
Biramchamdra
Babighana
Bhagavanta
1752 Lava 39
1713 Kusa 39 1714 Bhumi Varman 67
1674 Khagendra 39 1647 Chandra Varman 61
1635 Surendra 39 1586 Jaya Varman 82
1596 Godhara 39 1504 Varsha Varman 61
1557 Suvarna 39 1443 Sarva Varman 78
1518 Janaka 39 1365 Prithvi Varman 76
1479 Sachinara 31 1289 Jyestha Varman 75
1448 Dharmasoka 48 1214 Hari Varman 76
1400 Jalauka 56 1138 Kubera Varman 88
1344 Damodara II 50 1050 Siddhi Varman 61
1294 Hushka 60 989 Haridatta Varman 81
1234 Abhimanyu 52 908 Vasudatta Varman 63
1184 Gonanda III 35 845 Pati Varman 53
1147 Vibhishana 55 792 Sivavriddhi Varman 54
1092 Indrajit 35 738 Vasanta Varman 61
1057 Ravana 30 677 Siva Varman 62
1027 Vibhishana II 35 615 Rudra Varman 66
992 Kinnara 40 549 Vrishadeva Varman 61
952 Siddha 60 488 Sankaradeva 25
892 Utpalaksha 31 463 Dharmadeva 24
861 Hiranyaksha 37 439 Manadeva 20
824 Hiranyakula 60 419 Mahideva 20
764 Vasukula 60 399 Vasantadeva 15
704 Mihirakula 70 384 Udayadeva Varman 5
634 Baka 40 379 Manadeva Varman 30
594 Kshitinamdana 30 349 Gunakamadeva Varman 10
564 Vasunamdana 52 339 Sivadeva Varman 61
512 Nara 35 278 Narendradeva Varman 42
477 Aksha 60 236 Bhimadeva Varman 36
417 Gopaditya 60 200 Vishnudeva Varman 47
357 Gokarna II 35 153 Viswadeva Varman 51
322 Kinkhila 37
285 Andha Yudhstira 13
272 Pratapaditya 32
240 Jalaukasa 32
208 Tunjina 36
172 Vijaya 8
164 Jayendra 37
127 Sandhimati 47
80 Meghavahana 34
46 Pravarasena 30 102 Amsuvarman 68
16 Hiranya 30 34 Kritavarman 87
CE CE
14 Matrigupta 5 54 Bhimarjuna 93
19 Pravarasena II 60 147 Nandadeva (25) 152
79 Yudhistira II 39 299 Viradeva 95
118 Lakshmana 13 394 Chandraketudeva 66
131 Tunjina 42 460 Narendradeva 56
173 Vikramaditya 42 516 Varadeva 54
215 Baladitya 37 570 Naramudi 45
615 Sankaradeva 12
252 Durlabhavardhana 36 627 Vardhamanadeva 13
288 Durlabhaka 50 640 Balideva 13
338 Chandrapida 59 653 Jayadeva 15
397 Tarapida 34 668 Balarjunadeva 17
431 Lalitaditya 36 685 Vikramadeva 12
467 Kuvalayaditya 1 697 Gunakamadeva 51
468 Vajraditya 57 748 Bhojadeva 8
525 Prithivyapida 44 756 Lakshmikamadeva 22
569 Sangramapida 7 days 778 Jayakamadeva 20
Jayapida 51
620 Lalitapida 52 765 Manadeva 10
672 Sagramapida II 57 775 Narasimhadeva 22
729 Chipyata-Jayapida 52 797 Nandadeva 21
781 Ajitapida 56 818 Rudradeva 19
837 Anangapida 3 837 Mitradeva 21
840 Utpalapida 5 858 Arideva 22
845 Sukhavarma 7 880 Abhayamalla
Jayadevamalla 10
852 Avantivarma 28 Anandamalla 25
880 Sankaravarma 20
900 Gopalavarma 2 880 Nanyadeva 50
902 Sankata 1 930 Gangadeva 41
903 Sugandha 971 Narasimhadeva 31
Suravarma 1 1002 Saktideva 39
904 Partha 14 1041 Ramasimhadeva 58
918 Nirjitavarma 2
920 Chakravarma 14 1099 Thakuris 225
934 Unmattavanti 2
1324 Harisimhadeva 24
936 Yasaskara 10 1348 Matisimhadeva 15
Varnata 1363 Saktisimhadeva 33
Sangramadeva 1396 Syamasimhadeva 15
946 Parvagupta 2 1411 -
948 Kshemagupta 9 1301 Jayabhadramalla 15
1316 Nagamalla 15
957 Abhimanyugupta 14 1331 Jayajagatmalla 11
971 Nandigupta 1 1342 Nagendramalla 10
972 Tribhuvanagupta 2 1352 Ugramalla 15
974 Bhimagupta 5 1367 Asokamalla 19
979 Dida 33 1386 Jayastitimalla 43
1429 Yakshamalla 43
1012 Sangramaraja 15 1472 -
1027 Hariraja 22 days 1470 Jayarayamalla 150
Anantadeva 35 Suvarnamalla
1062 2nd 16 Pranamalla
1078 Kalasa 10 Viswamalla
1088 Utkarsha Trilokamalla
Harsha 22 Jagajjyotirmalla
1620 Narendramalla 21
1110 Uchchala 1641 Jagatprakasamalla 21
Sankharaja 10 1662 Jitamitramalla 21
1120 Sussala 8 1683 Bhupatindramalla 34
1128 Jayasimha 20 1717 Ranjitamalla
1148 end
1490 Ratnamalla 11
1501 Amaramalla 47
1548 Suryamalla }
Narendramall 18
1566 Mahindramall }
Sadasivamalla 19
1585 Sivasimhamalla 10
1595 Lakshminarasimhamalla 44
1639 Pratapamalla 18
1657 Mahipatindramalla 37
1694 Bhaskaramalla 8
1702 Jagajjayamalla 30
1732 Jayaprakasa 36
1768 Ghorka King of
Prithoinarayana conquors Kashmir
